Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 1767

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
Interests: leprosy; early diagnosis; molecular methods; Q PCR, ELISA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diagnostics in infectious diseases is in the midst of a technological revolution. Recent advances in technology have given rise to a number of host- and pathogen-based diagnostic approaches. Rapid diagnostics promises to improve clinical care in acute and chronic infectious diseases by ensuring that patients receive prompt and effective treatment, while promoting public health by reducing the usage of unnecessary antibiotics when they are not required. Leprosy is a worldwide health problem that necessitates the development of new and innovative management strategies. Early diagnosis of leprosy is a critical step in reducing the spread and incidence of the disease. Therefore, the development of molecular and immunological platforms, including the mapping of antigens, which have potential to be used as immunodiagnostics and molecular tools for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae, is an important approach to confirming clinical diagnosis. In addition to ELISA, molecular tests aid in the identification of specific M. leprae sequences in clinical samples, which can be amplified through the polymerase chain reaction technique, allowing DNA detection of the infectious agent, or with Q PCR technology, which allows the evaluation of viable bacterial load and the monitoring of drug resistance. While this progress is encouraging, it is unlikely that any single diagnostic platform will fully address clinicians’ need for actionable data with short turn-around times in all settings. Thus, a variety of diagnostic tests will ultimately be employed in clinical microbiology laboratories to fully capitalize upon the promise of novel diagnostic approaches.

Dr. Mallika Lavania
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • mycobacterium leprae
  • molecular diagnosis
  • PCR
  • early diagnosis
  • point of care
  • ELISA
  • transmission
  • serological methods

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 2162 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiaty Center
by Chin-Ling Hsieh and Pa-Fan Hsiao
Diagnostics 2023, 13(24), 3655; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243655 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1358
Abstract
Currently, over 200,000 new cases of leprosy are reported annually worldwide. Although leprosy was thought to have been eradicated in Taiwan, a few new cases still occur annually. Protean clinical manifestations of leprosy and immunological reactions result in delayed diagnoses. In addition, drug-resistant [...] Read more.
Currently, over 200,000 new cases of leprosy are reported annually worldwide. Although leprosy was thought to have been eradicated in Taiwan, a few new cases still occur annually. Protean clinical manifestations of leprosy and immunological reactions result in delayed diagnoses. In addition, drug-resistant leprosy is emerging and poses treatment challenges. In this retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the clinicopathological features, leprosy type, treatment response, and relapse rate of patients with leprosy in our hospital between January 2009 and November 2022. We found that 54% of patients were Indonesian, and borderline lepromatous leprosy was predominant (39%); moreover, histoid leprosy and the Lucio phenomenon were also reported. Polymerase chain reaction analysis identified four positive cases, including a dapsone-resistant (4%) case. Our findings indicated good control of leprosy and a lower rate of dapsone resistance than that reported by the World Health Organization (4% vs. 13%) from 2009 to 2015. We found that the patient profile in terms of the treatment duration, recurrence rate, systemic symptoms, and neurological symptoms did not differ between before and during the pandemic. We report the recent advances in leprosy diagnosis, drug-resistant gene mutations, post-exposure prophylaxis, vaccination, and the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on leprosy to facilitate updated leprosy diagnosis and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy)
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