Diagnostic Approach to Soft Tissue Tumors: From Morphology to Molecular Biology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 2113

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
General Surgical Pathologist, Director of Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: histological diagnoses of human tumors; immunohistochemistry; immunomarkers of malignant tumors; oncofetal expression of immunomarkers; pathological diagnoses of breast, soft tissue, thyroid, pediatric solid tumors
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Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
2. Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: clinical and molecular oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A combined approach based on pathological examination and molecular analysis currently represents the diagnostic gold standard for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Despite the fact that morphology and immunohistochemistry still represent the diagnostic gold standard of soft tissue tumors, molecular biology may be crucial to establish the correct diagnosis, especially when dealing with small biopsies and/or ambiguous morphological and immunohistochemical features. In this regard, the introduction of relatively novel ancillary methods, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS), through which the molecular landscape of soft tissue neoplasms can be studied, has greatly improved diagnostic accuracy. These methods have helped to identify new “entity-defining” genetic alterations, some of which have been included to define many tumor entities. Based on this background, this Special Issue is devoted to the study of soft tissue tumors, based on both “conventional” histopathology and molecular biology. Original and review papers are particularly desired. Uncommon (in terms of unusal clinical context, unusal morphology/immunohistochemistry) and/or teaching case reports will also be considered for publication.

Prof. Dr. Gaetano Magro
Dr. Paolo G. Vigneri
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3613 KiB  
Article
The Predictive Role of the Histopathological Scoring System in Adipose Tumors—Lipoma, Atypical Lipomatous Tumor, and Liposarcoma
by Mariana Deacu, Madalina Bosoteanu, Manuela Enciu, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Oana Cojocaru, Gabriela Izabela Baltatescu, Anca Antonela Nicolau, Cristian Ionut Orasanu, Bogdan Marian Caraban and Raluca Ioana Voda
Diagnostics 2023, 13(24), 3606; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243606 - 5 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Lipomatous tumors are the most frequent soft tissue neoplasms. Sometimes their differential diagnosis is difficult to perform only by microscopic analysis. This study aims to create a histopathological scoring system and highlight the impact of intratumoral microvascular density. This study was conducted over [...] Read more.
Lipomatous tumors are the most frequent soft tissue neoplasms. Sometimes their differential diagnosis is difficult to perform only by microscopic analysis. This study aims to create a histopathological scoring system and highlight the impact of intratumoral microvascular density. This study was conducted over 10 years. We analyzed the main pathogenic pathways (MDM2 and CDK4), as well as the tumor microvascularization (CD31 and CD34) by immunohistochemical tests. We also analyzed the status of the MDM2 gene by CISH. These data, together with the clinical and histopathological information, were statistically analyzed by appropriate tests. We identified 112 eligible cases, with most of the patients being in their sixth decade of life, with a slight predominance of the female sex. We found important associations like tumor location linked to nuclear pleomorphism severity and microvascularization density correlated with atypia severity. Also, we observed that a maximum diameter of a tumor of at least 69 mm is associated with the presence of tumor necrosis. The score designed in this study shows an increased sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lipomas (100%, respectively, 97%), atypical lipomatous tumors (93.8%, respectively, 82.3%), and liposarcomas (100%, respectively, 90.5%). This present study enhances the present data by bringing to attention the histopathological score with a role in differential diagnosis, as well as in the prediction of immunohistochemical and genetic tests. Also, we highlighted the importance of microvascular density, especially in the diagnosis of liposarcomas. Full article
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