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Diagnostics
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Diagnostic Pathology of Breast Diseases
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Diagnostic Pathology of Breast Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 4780

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ivan R. Ilić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Niš, Serbia
Interests: breast pathology; gastrointestinal pathology; dermatopathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pavle Randjelovic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Boulevard dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Interests: herb-drug interactions; natural products; melanopsin; gentamicin; medicinal and pharmaceutical; physiology; cell culture; apoptosis; antioxidant activity; Immunohistochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in genetics and molecular pathology in recent decades have led to the identification of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Newer findings, on which the new classification is based, made it possible to observe significant immunohistochemical and pathohistological differences between these entities that have the same embryonic origin. These tumors are defined both by their molecular phenotype and histopathological characteristics. However, histopathological classification remains the gold standard for diagnosis in most cases. Adequate pathological–radiological correlations of breast lesions, from mammography to ultrasound-guided core biopsies of the breast, are of particular importance. The use of monoclonal antibodies enabled the determination of hormone receptors, which is both therapeutically and prognostically significant. Given that breast cancers show hormonal regulation, both in the course of their genesis and in the course of their evolution, the determination of hormone receptors enables the adequate application of appropriate antihormonal therapy. The issue of discrepancies in immunohistochemical interpretation and the issue of standardized interpretation of reactivity on immunohistochemical preparations could be solved by quantitatively using photometric methods, where specifically stained regions are distinguished based on the color of the chromogen. Additionally, information on molecular prognostic and predictive markers is of great importance: regulators responsible for the repair of damaged DNA, regulators of cell migration and proliferation, regulators of apoptosis, as well as the effect of immune check point proteins (PDL1).

Dr. Ivan R. Ilić
Dr. Pavle Randjelovic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breast cancer
  • ER
  • PR
  • HER2
  • Ki67
  • PDL1
  • triple-negative breast cancer
  • ultrasound-guided breast core biopsy
  • mammogram
  • pathologic–radiologic correlation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3228 KiB  
Article
Tissue Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 in Patients with Breast Cancer
by Chia-Chi Chen, Thung-Lip Lee, I-Ting Tsai, Chin-Feng Hsuan, Chia-Chang Hsu, Chao-Ping Wang, Yung-Chuan Lu, Chien-Hsun Lee, Fu-Mei Chung, Yau-Jiunn Lee and Ching-Ting Wei
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070701 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 783
Abstract
Protein growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) plays crucial roles in cellular processes, including differentiation and development; however, its clinical relevance in breast cancer patients is poorly understood. We enrolled 68 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at our hospital and assessed the expression [...] Read more.
Protein growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) plays crucial roles in cellular processes, including differentiation and development; however, its clinical relevance in breast cancer patients is poorly understood. We enrolled 68 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at our hospital and assessed the expression of GDF11 in tumorous, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and non-tumorous tissues using immunohistochemical staining, with interpretation based on histochemical scoring (H-score). Our results indicated higher GDF11 expressions in DCIS and normal tissues compared to tumorous tissues. In addition, the GDF11 H-score was lower in the patients with a tumor size ≥ 2 cm, pathologic T3 + T4 stages, AJCC III-IV stages, Ki67 ≥ 14% status, HER2-negative, and specific molecular tumor subtypes. Notably, the patients with triple-negative breast cancer exhibited a loss of GDF11 expression. Spearman correlation analysis revealed associations between GDF11 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics, including tumor size, stage, Ki67, and molecular subtypes. Furthermore, GDF11 expression was positively correlated with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and negatively correlated with neutrophil count, as well as standard deviation and coefficient of variation of red cell distribution width. These findings suggest that a decreased GDF11 expression may play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Pathology of Breast Diseases)
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12 pages, 1974 KiB  
Article
Differences in Histological Subtypes of Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma According to Immunohistochemical Molecular Classification
by Ivan Ilić, Jana Cvetković, Ratko Ilić, Ljubiša Cvetković, Aleksandar Milićević, Stefan Todorović and Pavle Ranđelović
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060660 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 825
Abstract
The technical complexity of gene expression profiling in routine practice has necessitated the use of surrogate molecular classification of breast cancer, based on immunohistochemical analyses. Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the differences between histological and molecular subtypes [...] Read more.
The technical complexity of gene expression profiling in routine practice has necessitated the use of surrogate molecular classification of breast cancer, based on immunohistochemical analyses. Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the differences between histological and molecular subtypes of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, in order to be able to predict the behavior and prognosis of the disease, as well as to effectively determine therapy. Material and Methods: This study included 263 cases of breast ILC diagnosed over a seven-year period. The diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma is based on the characteristic growth pattern and phenotype of cancer cells with the respective subtypes: classic, alveolar, solid, tubulolobular, pleomorphic and mixed lobular type. The examined cases were divided into five groups according to molecular classification based on the expression of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 immunohistochemical markers. Results: It was found that the pleomorphic subtype occurred statistically significantly less often as the luminal A subtype compared to others (p = 0.00027), and the HER2-enriched subtype occurred statistically significantly more often in the pT4 stage (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The results of this study significantly singled out the luminal A subtype, and among them classic ILC, as the subtype with the most favorable expression ratio of the investigated predictive/prognostic immunohistochemical markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Pathology of Breast Diseases)
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Review

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17 pages, 9935 KiB  
Review
Update on Sentinel Lymph Node Methods and Pathology in Breast Cancer
by Jules Zhang-Yin, Etienne Mauel and Stéphanie Talpe
Diagnostics 2024, 14(3), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030252 - 24 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1425
Abstract
Breast cancer stands out as the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women globally. Precise lymph node staging holds critical significance for both predicting outcomes in early-stage disease and formulating effective treatment strategies to control regional disease progression in breast cancer patients. No imaging [...] Read more.
Breast cancer stands out as the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women globally. Precise lymph node staging holds critical significance for both predicting outcomes in early-stage disease and formulating effective treatment strategies to control regional disease progression in breast cancer patients. No imaging technique possesses sufficient accuracy to identify lymph node metastases in the early stages (I or II) of primary breast cancer. However, the sentinel node procedure emerges as a valuable approach for identifying metastatic axillary nodes. The sentinel lymph node is the hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer. In case of established cancerous dissemination, it is postulated that the sentinel lymph nodes are the target organs primarily reached by metastasizing cancer cells from the tumor. The utilization of the sentinel node technique has brought about changes in the assessment of lymph nodes. It involves evaluating the sentinel node during surgery, enabling prompt lymph node dissection when the sentinel node procedure is positive. Additionally, histological ultra-stratification is employed to uncover occult metastases. This review aims to provide an update of this valuable technique, with focus on the practical aspects of the procedure and the different histological protocols of sentinel node evaluation in breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Pathology of Breast Diseases)
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Other

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12 pages, 4068 KiB  
Case Report
Metastatic Breast Cancer Presenting as Acute Appendicitis: A Rare Case Study and Review of Current Knowledge
by Nenad Markovic, Bojan Stojanovic, Ivan Jovanovic, Bojan Milosevic, Marko Spasic, Ivan Radosavljevic, Natasa Zdravkovic, Dragce Radovanovic, Bojana S. Stojanovic, Marija Spasojevic, Marina Jovanovic, Zeljko Todorovic, Mladen Pavlovic, Snezana Sretenovic, Milos Z. Milosavljevic and Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
Diagnostics 2023, 13(24), 3657; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243657 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 857
Abstract
This manuscript discusses a rare case of acute appendicitis caused by metastasis from invasive breast carcinoma of no special type in a 70-year-old female previously diagnosed with breast cancer. It delves into the diagnostic challenges and management complexities of such unusual clinical presentations. [...] Read more.
This manuscript discusses a rare case of acute appendicitis caused by metastasis from invasive breast carcinoma of no special type in a 70-year-old female previously diagnosed with breast cancer. It delves into the diagnostic challenges and management complexities of such unusual clinical presentations. The paper includes an analysis of 19 documented cases, enriching the understanding of metastatic patterns and treatment strategies in breast cancer. It underlines the importance of considering a history of malignancy when diagnosing acute abdominal conditions and emphasizes a comprehensive approach in interpreting diagnostic imaging in patients with past oncological issues to effectively manage metastatic breast cancer exhibiting atypical manifestations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Pathology of Breast Diseases)
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