Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Diagnostics and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 620

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School of Health & Sport Science, Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT), Auckland Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
Interests: medical and health sciences; medical biochemistry; medical genetics; public and community health; diabetes and its complications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge, with rising prevalence and significant impacts on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare systems worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis, alongside effective management strategies, is crucial for mitigating complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. This Special Issue aims to highlight advancements in clinical diagnostics, innovative biomarkers, and personalized management approaches for DM, encompassing both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

We invite submissions of original research articles, reviews, and clinical studies that explore novel diagnostic tools (e.g., AI-driven algorithms, point-of-care testing, and omics-based technologies), therapeutic monitoring, and interdisciplinary management strategies for DM. Contributions that address emerging trends in precision medicine, digital health interventions, and public health policies for diabetes care are also encouraged. By compiling cutting-edge research, this Issue seeks to enhance our understanding of DM, improve its early detection, and optimize therapeutic outcomes for patients with diabetes.

Dr. Syed M. Shahid
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • clinical diagnostics
  • biomarkers
  • precision medicine
  • glycemic control
  • digital health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 740 KB  
Article
Impact of a Major Earthquake on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Türkiye
by Sedat Ozdemir and Sadettin Ozturk
Diagnostics 2025, 15(18), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15182361 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 421
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing pre–post changes in HbA1c and fasting glucose. In addition, it sought to identify key clinical [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing pre–post changes in HbA1c and fasting glucose. In addition, it sought to identify key clinical and biochemical predictors of glycemic worsening in the post-disaster period using routinely available laboratory data. Materials and Methods: This retrospective pre–post observational cohort study included 550 adult patients with established T2DM who received care at two centers in Gaziantep, Türkiye. Laboratory data—including HbA1c, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL, and albumin—were compared between two periods: three months before and three to five months after the earthquake. Paired samples t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and ROC analysis were used to evaluate changes in glycemic control and its predictors. Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.2 ± 11.0 years; 43.3% were male and 56.7% female. Post-earthquake, HbA1c (p = 0.012) and fasting glucose (p < 0.001) increased significantly, indicating deterioration in metabolic control. White blood cell (p = 0.003) and platelet counts (p < 0.001) rose, while HDL (p < 0.001), ALT (p = 0.002), and triglycerides (p = 0.010) decreased. ΔHbA1c correlated positively with ΔGlucose (r = 0.362, p < 0.001), ΔTriglyceride (r = 0.323, p < 0.001), LDL (r = 0.173, p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (r = 0.107, p = 0.032), and negatively with ΔAlbumin (r = −0.332, p = 0.029), ΔHDL (r = −0.175, p < 0.001), and WBC (r = −0.112, p = 0.009). In the fully adjusted multivariable model (age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, insulin use), independent predictors of ΔHbA1c included ΔGlucose (β = 0.007, p < 0.001), ΔTriglyceride (β = 0.004, p = 0.001), ΔHDL (β = −0.010, p = 0.011), ΔAlbumin (β = −0.016, p = 0.007), and ΔWBC (β = −0.009, p = 0.022). Clinical predictors were BMI (β = 0.006, p = 0.045), diabetes duration >10 years (β = 0.094, p = 0.009), and insulin use (β = 0.121, p = 0.003) (Adjusted R2 = 0.319). ROC analysis confirmed ΔGlucose as the strongest predictor of worsening glycemic control (AUC = 0.81; sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 73.4%). Additional predictors included insulin use (AUC = 0.66, p < 0.001), ΔTriglyceride (AUC = 0.65, p < 0.001), BMI (AUC = 0.63, p = 0.002), diabetes duration >10 years (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.004), and ΔHDL (AUC = 0.61, p = 0.016), each providing more modest predictive value. Conclusions: Glycemic control became significantly worse in adults with T2DM after the February 2023 earthquake, as reflected by increases in HbA1c and fasting glucose. Both biochemical parameters (Glucose, Triglyceride, HDL, Albumin, WBC) and clinical characteristics (BMI, diabetes duration >10 years, insulin use) were independently associated with glycemic deterioration. Among these, glucose remained the strongest predictor (AUC = 0.81), while BMI, insulin therapy, and longer diabetes duration provided additional predictive value. These findings suggest that routinely available clinical and laboratory data can be used to identify patients at highest risk of metabolic decompensation in disaster settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Diagnostics and Management)
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