The Advanced Role of Artificial Intelligence in Computed Tomography (CT)

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 5731

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized the field of medical imaging by providing detailed and accurate images of the human body. The latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided new opportunities to further enhance the power and efficiency of CT. With this Special Issue, we invite researchers and experts in the field of medical imaging to explore the advanced role of AI in CT. The integration of AI into CT imaging has led to significant improvements in image quality, interpretation, and protocol optimization. AI-based image reconstruction and denoising techniques have the potential to reduce noise and artifacts, thereby enhancing the clarity and diagnostic accuracy of CT images. AI-based image segmentation and analysis have been used to aid in the identification and characterization of pathological tissue, improving the precision and speed of disease detection. Moreover, AI-assisted diagnosis and interpretation of CT images have the potential to improve the reliability and consistency of clinical decisions, leading to more accurate and timely patient care.

In addition, AI-based radiation dose optimization has the potential to reduce patient exposure to ionizing radiation while maintaining image quality. AI-based motion correction and artifact reduction techniques have the potential to mitigate the effects of patient motion and reduce image distortion. AI-based prediction of treatment response and prognosis using CT has the potential to guide personalized treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, AI-based CT image registration and fusion techniques have the potential to integrate CT images with other imaging modalities, providing a more comprehensive view of a patient’s anatomy and pathology. The integration of AI into CT imaging raises important ethical and legal questions, such as responsibility for the accuracy and safety of the AI algorithms used and the potential impact on patient privacy. As such, the ethical and legal implications of AI-based CT imaging will also considered in this Special Issue.

In summary, this Special Issue seeks to bring together original research articles, review papers, and case studies that demonstrate the latest advancements in AI for CT, their potential benefits and challenges, and their impact on clinical practice. We invite contributions from researchers and experts in medical imaging, AI, computer science, and related fields. The submitted manuscripts will undergo rigorous peer review, with acceptance based on originality, significance, and relevance to the theme of the Special Issue.

Dr. Steven Fernandes
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2527 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Segmentation and Classification of CT-Scanned Ovarian Tumours Using U-Net and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
by Ashwini Kodipalli, Steven L. Fernandes, Vaishnavi Gururaj, Shriya Varada Rameshbabu and Santosh Dasar
Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2282; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132282 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
Difficulty in detecting tumours in early stages is the major cause of mortalities in patients, despite the advancements in treatment and research regarding ovarian cancer. Deep learning algorithms were applied to serve the purpose as a diagnostic tool and applied to CT scan [...] Read more.
Difficulty in detecting tumours in early stages is the major cause of mortalities in patients, despite the advancements in treatment and research regarding ovarian cancer. Deep learning algorithms were applied to serve the purpose as a diagnostic tool and applied to CT scan images of the ovarian region. The images went through a series of pre-processing techniques and, further, the tumour was segmented using the UNet model. The instances were then classified into two categories—benign and malignant tumours. Classification was performed using deep learning models like CNN, ResNet, DenseNet, Inception-ResNet, VGG16 and Xception, along with machine learning models such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoosting and XGBoosting. DenseNet 121 emerges as the best model on this dataset after applying optimization on the machine learning models by obtaining an accuracy of 95.7%. The current work demonstrates the comparison of multiple CNN architectures with common machine learning algorithms, with and without optimization techniques applied. Full article
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26 pages, 2639 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Liver Histopathology Field: A Systematic Review
by Flavia Grignaffini, Francesco Barbuto, Maurizio Troiano, Lorenzo Piazzo, Patrizio Simeoni, Fabio Mangini, Cristiano De Stefanis, Andrea Onetti Muda, Fabrizio Frezza and Anna Alisi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040388 - 10 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2567
Abstract
Digital pathology (DP) has begun to play a key role in the evaluation of liver specimens. Recent studies have shown that a workflow that combines DP and artificial intelligence (AI) applied to histopathology has potential value in supporting the diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and [...] Read more.
Digital pathology (DP) has begun to play a key role in the evaluation of liver specimens. Recent studies have shown that a workflow that combines DP and artificial intelligence (AI) applied to histopathology has potential value in supporting the diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction of liver diseases. Here, we provide a systematic review of the use of this workflow in the field of hepatology. Based on the PRISMA 2020 criteria, a search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase electronic databases was conducted, applying inclusion/exclusion filters. The articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers, who extracted the specifications and objectives of each study, the AI tools used, and the results obtained. From the 266 initial records identified, 25 eligible studies were selected, mainly conducted on human liver tissues. Most of the studies were performed using whole-slide imaging systems for imaging acquisition and applying different machine learning and deep learning methods for image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extractions, and classification. Of note, most of the studies selected demonstrated good performance as classifiers of liver histological images compared to pathologist annotations. Promising results to date bode well for the not-too-distant inclusion of these techniques in clinical practice. Full article
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