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The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management...
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The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2024) | Viewed by 5950

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. George Koulaouzidis

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
Interests: telemedicine; artificial intelligence; heart failure; coronary artery calcification; cardiac imaging; long QT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Heart failure (HF) is a major health burden associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of HF is complex and encompasses a wide range of cardiac conditions, hereditary defects, and systemic diseases. The early identification of aetiology is essential to allow personalised treatment and prognostication. Imaging techniques play a significant role in HF diagnosis, the assessment of aetiology, and treatment guidance. With its recent developments, such as 3D echo and speckle tracking imaging, echocardiography (ECHO) is the primary imaging modality used in evaluating HF patients, given its availability and reliability in assessing cardiac structure and function. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows myocardial tissue to be characterized and provides information on cardiac design and function, so it is helpful in determining HF aetiology and predicting patient outcomes. Nuclear imaging can detect ischemia and viability and can obtain additional prognostic data. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a reliable method for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD), and recent advances have provided information about the function and myocardial perfusion. In this Special Issue, the comprehensive role of cardiac imaging in the diagnosis and assessment of aetiology, as well as the treatment planning and prognostication of HF, is discussed.

Prof. Dr. George Koulaouzidis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

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22 pages, 2812 KiB  
Review
Echocardiography in the Assessment of Heart Failure Patients
by Frank L. Dini, Matteo Cameli, Andrea Stefanini, Hatem Soliman Aboumarie, Matteo Lisi, Per Lindqvist and Michael Y. Henein
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2730; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232730 - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 681
Abstract
Doppler echocardiography is the corner-stone of non-invasive investigation of patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure. It provides an accurate and quantitative assessment of cardiac structure and function. Furthermore, spectral Doppler measurement is an invaluable technique for estimating intracardiac pressures with their [...] Read more.
Doppler echocardiography is the corner-stone of non-invasive investigation of patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure. It provides an accurate and quantitative assessment of cardiac structure and function. Furthermore, spectral Doppler measurement is an invaluable technique for estimating intracardiac pressures with their crucial value in the optimum management of heart failure patients, irrespective of ejection fraction. Speckle tracking echocardiography stretches the unique application of echocardiography to analyze the myocardial deformation function which has proved very accurate in detecting ischemia, dyssynchrony, subclinical dysfunction and also in estimating pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. The role of longitudinal myocardial left atrial deformation dynamics has recently emerged as a valuable tool for assessing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with cardiac diseases regardless of their ejection fraction. Finally, the extent of myocardial deformation has been shown to correlate with the severity of myocardial fibrosis, a common finding in patients with heart failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure)
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15 pages, 302 KiB  
Review
The Utility of Low-Dose-Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Update
by Lamprini Tsigkriki, Panagiota Kleitsioti, Fotis Dimitriadis, George Sidiropoulos, Stelina Alkagiet, Dimitris Efstratiou, Maria Kalaitzoglou, Dafni Charisopoulou, Michail Siarkos, Angeliki-Despoina Mavrogianni, Pinelopi Giannakopoulou, John Zarifis and George Koulaouzidis
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2920; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182920 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1588
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in medical therapy, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) continues to be a significant cause of death and disability. Reversible ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction due to viable myocardium is one such contributing factor. In these cases, coronary revascularization has [...] Read more.
Despite significant advancements in medical therapy, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) continues to be a significant cause of death and disability. Reversible ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction due to viable myocardium is one such contributing factor. In these cases, coronary revascularization has shown promise in improving left ventricular function and prognosis. For patients with HFrEF and wide QRS, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective option to address electromechanical dyssynchrony. However, approximately 30% of patients do not respond positively to CRT, highlighting the need to refine candidate selection for this treatment. In some patients with reduced HFrEF, there is a condition known as classical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (AS) that may be observed. This condition is characterized by a low transaortic flow, which leads to reductions in both the transaortic mean gradient and aortic valve area. Decision-making regarding revascularization, CRT, and pharmacological treatment play a crucial role in managing HFrEF. Cardiac imaging can be valuable in guiding decision-making processes and assessing the prognosis of patients with HFrEF. Among the imaging modalities, dobutamine stress echocardiography has come a long way in establishing itself as a feasible, safe, effective, relatively cheap non-invasive technique. The aim of this review is to explore the current literature on the utility of low-dose stress echocardiography in diagnosing and prognosticating patients with HFrEF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure)
11 pages, 1668 KiB  
Review
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: The Role of Cardiovascular and Lung Ultrasound beyond Ejection Fraction
by Syuzanna Shahnazaryan, Sergey Pepoyan and Hamayak Sisakian
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2553; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152553 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1686
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is considered a major health care problem with frequent decompensations, high hospitalization and mortality rates. In severe heart failure (HF), the symptoms are refractory to medical treatment and require advanced therapeutic strategies. Early recognition of HF [...] Read more.
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is considered a major health care problem with frequent decompensations, high hospitalization and mortality rates. In severe heart failure (HF), the symptoms are refractory to medical treatment and require advanced therapeutic strategies. Early recognition of HF sub- and decompensation is the cornerstone of the timely treatment intensification and, therefore, improvement in the prognosis. Echocardiography is the gold standard for the assessment of systolic and diastolic functions. It allows one to obtain accurate and non-invasive measurements of the ventricular function in HF. In severely compromised HF patients, advanced cardiovascular ultrasound modalities may provide a better assessment of intracardiac hemodynamic changes and subclinical congestion. Particularly, cardiovascular and lung ultrasound allow us to make a more accurate diagnosis of subclinical congestion in HFrEF. The aim of this review was to summarize the advantages and limitations of the currently available ultrasound modalities in the ambulatory monitoring of patients with HFrEF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure)
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Other

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7 pages, 5895 KiB  
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Inflammation—A Possible Link between Myocarditis and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
by Ioan Radu Lala and Adina Pop-Moldovan
Diagnostics 2024, 14(3), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030248 - 24 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1388
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a primary genetic disease caused by mutations in the desmosome genes. Ever since the introduction of new imaging techniques, like cardiovascular magnetic resonance, the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has become more challenging as left ventricular or biventricular variants may have [...] Read more.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a primary genetic disease caused by mutations in the desmosome genes. Ever since the introduction of new imaging techniques, like cardiovascular magnetic resonance, the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has become more challenging as left ventricular or biventricular variants may have resemblance to other cardiomyopathies or myocarditis. Not only this but they may also share an acute phase, which might cause even more confusion and misdiagnoses and influence the prognosis and outcome. In this case report, we present a 31-year-old patient with multiple clinical pictures: his symptoms were acute chest pain, new onset of heart failure and arrhythmia symptoms, which determined a dynamic change in clinical diagnosis and management, ultimately taking into consideration arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Through the article, we try to uncover and explain common pathophysiological pathways shared by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and other clinical entities with a special focus on inflammation. The final question remains: “If there is more than one heart disorder that eventually leads to the same clinical image, one may wonder, is arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy a syndrome rather than a specific condition?”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure)
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