Hardware in the Loop and Real-Time Simulation

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 3675

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Tecnología Electrónica y de las Comunicaciones, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: hardware in the loop; digital control; real-time simulation; electronic design and instrumentation

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tecnología Electrónica y de las Comunicaciones, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: hardware in the loop; digital control; real-time simulation; embedded processing; field programmable gate arrays

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue of the MDPI journal Electronics on “Hardware in the Loop and Real-Time Simulation Based on FPGAs”.

Power electronics is playing a leading role in the revolution of energy generation and consumption. The ever-increasing complexity of control mechanisms invokes the need for safer and faster yet reliable testing methods that do not compromise on the degree of detail and, at the same time, are economical and require minimal testing time. In this context, hardware in the loop (HIL) has emerged as a driving technology for testing. Being able to run real-time models of the system parts (power converters, loads or grid elements) that have the same interface as those of the real parts allows a new degree of flexibility and debugging capabilities unthought of when considering previous testing techniques. HIL allows testing in real-time and with a high degree of detail regarding the interactions between different parts of a grid with zero risk. This emulation allows severe damage to be avoided and saves effort during the design process.

HIL has not been widely used in areas where high frequencies are involved, such as power electronics. In order to overcome the speed limitations, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) were introduced in this field. In this context, it is crucial to minimize the delay and area without losing either resolution or accuracy.

This Special Issue focuses on novel developments in the field of hardware in the loop and real-time simulations with FPGAs in power electronics and their applications.

Dr. María Sofía Martínez-García
Dr. Alberto Sanchez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Hardware in the Loop (HIL); Real-time-simulation; Embedded Processing; Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA); Resolution; Accuracy; Speed Limitation; Testing; Emulation; Area Delay and Time-step; Power Electronics; Power Converters.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1948 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Noise on the Emulated Grid Voltage Signal in Hardware-in-the-Loop Used in Power Converters
by Paula Lamo, Gustavo A. Ruiz, Francisco J. Azcondo, Alberto Pigazo and Christian Brañas
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040787 - 4 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
This work evaluates the impact of the input voltage noise on a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) system used in the emulation of power converters. A poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can compromise the accuracy and precision of the model, and even make certain techniques for building [...] Read more.
This work evaluates the impact of the input voltage noise on a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) system used in the emulation of power converters. A poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can compromise the accuracy and precision of the model, and even make certain techniques for building mathematical models unfeasible. The case study presents the noise effects on a digitally controlled totem-pole converter emulated with a low-cost HIL system using an FPGA. The effects on the model outputs, and the cost and influence of different hardware implementations, are evaluated. The noise of the input signals may limit the benefits of increasing the resolution of the model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hardware in the Loop and Real-Time Simulation)
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18 pages, 8231 KiB  
Article
Asynchronous and Decoupled HIL Simulation of a DC Nanogrid
by Leonel Estrada, Joaquín Vaquero, Alba Rodríguez-Lorente, Jaime Arau, Angel de Castro, Alberto Sanchez and Nimrod Vazquez
Electronics 2022, 11(13), 2045; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132045 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1425
Abstract
In this paper, an asynchronous and decoupled Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation of a DC nanogrid is presented. The DC nanogrid is a recent way to solve problems presented in traditional power generation, such as low efficiency, pollution, and cost increase. The complexity of this kind [...] Read more.
In this paper, an asynchronous and decoupled Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation of a DC nanogrid is presented. The DC nanogrid is a recent way to solve problems presented in traditional power generation, such as low efficiency, pollution, and cost increase. The complexity of this kind of system is high due to the interconnection of all the composing elements, making the use of HIL simulation attractive due to its advantages regarding computational power and low solution time. However, when a nanogrid is simulated in commercial and personalized platforms, all the elements presented are solved at the same integration time, even if some elements could be solved at smaller integration times, causing a slowdown of the system solution. The results of the asynchronous HIL simulation are compared with a synchronous HIL simulation with an integration time of 425 ns, and also with an offline simulation performed in PSIM software. The proposal achieves an integration time of 200 ns for the fastest element and 425 ns for the slowest, with an error of less than 0.2 A for current signals and less than 2 V for voltage signals. These results prove that the asynchronous and decoupled solution of an HIL simulation for nanogrid is possible, allowing each element to be solved as fast as possible without affecting the accuracy of the result, as well as simplifying programming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hardware in the Loop and Real-Time Simulation)
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