Electronics

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10 pages, 10846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Realization of a Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Wide, Dual, and Single-Band Operations for Compact Sized Wireless Applications

by Wahaj Abbas Awan, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Wael Abd Ellatif Ali, Niamat Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Huy Hung Tran, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari and Ernesto Limiti

Electronics 2021, 10(11), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111321 - 31 May 2021

Cited by 67 | Viewed by 5080

Abstract

This paper presents a compact and simple reconfigurable antenna with wide-band, dual-band, and single-band operating modes. Initially, a co-planar waveguide-fed triangular monopole antenna is obtained with a wide operational frequency band ranging from 4.0 GHz to 7.8 GHz. Then, two additional stubs are [...] Read more.

This paper presents a compact and simple reconfigurable antenna with wide-band, dual-band, and single-band operating modes. Initially, a co-planar waveguide-fed triangular monopole antenna is obtained with a wide operational frequency band ranging from 4.0 GHz to 7.8 GHz. Then, two additional stubs are connected to the triangular monopole through two p-i-n diodes. By electrically switching these p-i-n diodes ON and OFF, different operating frequency bands can be attained. When turning ON only one diode, the antenna offers dual-band operations of 3.3–4.2 GHz and 5.8–7.2 GHz. Meanwhile, the antenna with single-band operation from 3.3 GHz to 4.2 GHz can be realized when both of the p-i-n diodes are switched to ON states. The proposed compact size antenna with dimensions of 0.27λ₀ × 0.16λ₀ × 0.017λ₀ at the lower operating frequency (3.3 GHz) can be used for several wireless applications such as worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless access in the vehicular environment (WAVE), and wireless local area network (WLAN). A comparative analysis with state-of-the-art works exhibits that the presented design possesses advantages of compact size and multiple operating modes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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13 pages, 23340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compact Wideband Coplanar Stripline-to-Microstrip Line Transition Using a Bended Structure on a Two-Layered Substrate

by Gwan Hui Lee, Wahab Mohyuddin, Sachin Kumar, Hyun Chul Choi and Kang Wook Kim

Electronics 2021, 10(11), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111272 - 26 May 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4623

Abstract

A design of a compact coplanar strip (CPS)-to-microstrip line (MSL) transition using a bended structure on a two-layered substrate is presented. The proposed transition consists of a CPS taper and a bended CPS-to-MSL transition on a two-layered substrate. The CPS taper is formed [...] Read more.

A design of a compact coplanar strip (CPS)-to-microstrip line (MSL) transition using a bended structure on a two-layered substrate is presented. The proposed transition consists of a CPS taper and a bended CPS-to-MSL transition on a two-layered substrate. The CPS taper is formed on the lower substrate with low permittivity (ε_r = 3.38), and the bended CPS-to-MSL transition is formed on the upper substrate with high permittivity (ε_r = 10.2). The proposed transition is designed with analytical formulas obtained by applying EM-based conformal mapping without parametric tuning trials. The conductor shape of the bended CPS-to-MSL transition is adjusted to form an optimal Klopfenstein impedance taper. The proposed CPS-to-MSL transition optimally connects between a high impedance CPS line (~160 Ω) and a 50 Ω MSL, which typically results in a long transition length for ultra-wideband performance. The implemented transition bended in a sinusoid shape on the two-layered substrate provides good performance from 2 GHz to 17 GHz with the maximum 2 dB insertion loss per transition, and the horizontal length of the bended transition is reduced to 42.9% of the straight transition length. This bended transition is developed for use in mm-wave balanced antenna/detector feeds but can be applied to a variety of wideband balanced circuit modules, where compact circuit size is critical. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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7 pages, 2223 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Compact Ultra-Wideband Phase Inverter Using Microstrip-CPW-Slotline Transitions

by Wahab Mohyuddin, Gwan Hui Lee, Dong Sik Woo, Hyun Chul Choi and Kang Wook Kim

Electronics 2021, 10(3), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030252 - 22 Jan 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3120

Abstract

A planar ultra-wideband phase inverter, which consists of a series of transitions between microstrip, coplanar waveguide, and slotline, is designed and implemented. This compact-sized phase inverter can be used to generate wideband 180° phase differential signals, especially at high microwave frequencies up to [...] Read more.

A planar ultra-wideband phase inverter, which consists of a series of transitions between microstrip, coplanar waveguide, and slotline, is designed and implemented. This compact-sized phase inverter can be used to generate wideband 180° phase differential signals, especially at high microwave frequencies up to millimeter-waves. The design is based on the impedance matching and smooth field transformation between the transitional stages. The fabricated transition has dimensions of 7.36 mm × 5.08 mm, and provides ultra-wide frequency bandwidth from 13 GHz to 38 GHz with low insertion loss of better than 2 dB within ±5° phase deviation and with return loss of greater than 10 dB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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12 pages, 4745 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultra-Wideband Trapezoidal Log-Periodic Antenna Integrated with an Elliptical Lens

by Syifa Haunan Nashuha, Gwan Hui Lee, Sachin Kumar, Hyun Chul Choi and Kang Wook Kim

Electronics 2020, 9(12), 2169; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122169 - 17 Dec 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3244

Abstract

The design and implementation of an ultra-wideband trapezoidal log-periodic antenna (LPA) integrated with an elliptical dielectric lens are presented. The proposed LPA is fed by an ultra-wideband microstrip-to-coplanar stripline transition structure. In order to improve the radiation patterns and to increase the antenna [...] Read more.

The design and implementation of an ultra-wideband trapezoidal log-periodic antenna (LPA) integrated with an elliptical dielectric lens are presented. The proposed LPA is fed by an ultra-wideband microstrip-to-coplanar stripline transition structure. In order to improve the radiation patterns and to increase the antenna gain, an elliptical dielectric lens is mounted on the top of the LPA radiator. The design parameters of the elliptical lens integrated with the LPA were optimized through a parametric analysis. The proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth (S₁₁ ≤ −10 dB) from 5.2 to 40 GHz, with a peak gain of 17.8 dB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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17 pages, 4580 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Design and Analysis of Compact Super-Wideband Quad Element Chiral MIMO Array for High Data Rate Applications

by Ananda Venkatesan Boologam, Kalimuthu Krishnan, Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy, C. T. Manimegalai and Sabitha Gauni

Electronics 2020, 9(12), 1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9121995 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2508

Abstract

This paper presents a compact, bouquet-inspired, four-element MIMO array for super wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed unit element monopole antenna has compact geometry, and it is deployed by the fusion of an elliptical and circular-shaped radiator. The convoluted geometry and semi-elliptical ground plane, [...] Read more.

This paper presents a compact, bouquet-inspired, four-element MIMO array for super wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed unit element monopole antenna has compact geometry, and it is deployed by the fusion of an elliptical and circular-shaped radiator. The convoluted geometry and semi-elliptical ground plane, along with the narrow rectangular slit defected ground structure, provides a wide impedance bandwidth. The designed unit cell has the dimensions of 32 mm × 20 mm × 0.8 mm, operates from 2.9 to 30 GHz (S₁₁ ≤ −10 dB) and provides a bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 2894. The proposed low-profile diversity array without any decoupling structures consists of four orthogonally placed, uncorrelated antennas with an inter element spacing of 0.05 λ₀, occupies an area of 57 mm × 57 mm and provides dual polarization. The performance metrics of the diversity array were validated for frequencies over ultra-wideband, using mutual coupling characteristics, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) by far-field radiation, diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity loss (CCL) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) analysis. The measured mutual coupling over the operating band was less than −18 dB, the ECC was less than 0.004 and the TARC was less than −15 dB, and a better CCL of ˂0.28 bits/s/Hz was achieved by the fabricated antenna. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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11 pages, 4444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Broadband Transition from Rectangular Waveguide to Groove Gap Waveguide for mm-Wave Contactless Connections

by Zihao Liu, Xiaohe Cheng, Yuan Yao, Tao Yu, Junsheng Yu and Xiaodong Chen

Electronics 2020, 9(11), 1820; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111820 - 2 Nov 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2894

Abstract

In this paper, the authors present a broadband transition from the standard WR-10 rectangular waveguide (RW) to a groove gap waveguide (GGW) in the W-band. The transition structure is based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology where two EBG units are used, which [...] Read more.

In this paper, the authors present a broadband transition from the standard WR-10 rectangular waveguide (RW) to a groove gap waveguide (GGW) in the W-band. The transition structure is based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology where two EBG units are used, which are responsible for the transition and forming the transmission line. Metal pins in the E-plane together with the back surface of the transmission line create a forbidden band, which prevents power leakage between the connecting parts. Small air gaps will not harm the transition performance according to the simulation, which means it has a better tolerance of manufacturing and assembly errors and, thus, has advantages for mm-wave contactless connections. A back-to-back transition prototype was designed, fabricated and measured. The length of the GGW is 39.6 mm. The measured |S₁₁| is better than −13 dB and the measured |S₂₁| is better than −0.6 dB over 76.4–109.1 GHz, covering a bandwidth of 35.3%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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14 pages, 3509 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of an Ultra-Wideband Microstrip-to-Slotline Transition on Low-Permittivity Substrate

by Jung Seok Lee, Gwan Hui Lee, Wahab Mohyuddin, Hyun Chul Choi and Kang Wook Kim

Electronics 2020, 9(8), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081329 - 17 Aug 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5924

Abstract

Analysis and design of an ultra-wideband microstrip-to-slotline transition on a low permittivity substrate is presented. Cross-sectional structures along the proposed transition are analyzed using conformal mapping assuming quasi-TEM modes, attaining one analytical line impedance formula with varying design parameters. Although the slotline is [...] Read more.

Analysis and design of an ultra-wideband microstrip-to-slotline transition on a low permittivity substrate is presented. Cross-sectional structures along the proposed transition are analyzed using conformal mapping assuming quasi-TEM modes, attaining one analytical line impedance formula with varying design parameters. Although the slotline is a non-TEM transmission line, the transitional structures are configured to have quasi-TEM modes before forming into the slotline. The line impedance is optimally tapered using the Klopfenstein taper, and the electric field shapes are smoothly transformed from microstrip line to slotline. The analytical formula is accurate within 5% difference, and the final transition configuration can be designed without parameter tuning. The implemented microstrip-to-slotline transition possesses insertion loss of less than 1.5 dB per transition and return loss of more than 10 dB from 4.4 to over 40 GHz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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14 pages, 8290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compact Planar Super-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Four Notched Bands

by Sachin Kumar, Gwan Hui Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Nashuha Syifa Haunan, Hyun Chul Choi and Kang Wook Kim

Electronics 2020, 9(8), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081204 - 27 Jul 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4101

Abstract

A compact-sized planar super-wideband (SWB) monopole antenna with four notched bands is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of a rectangular ground plane and a circular radiator that is fed by a tapered microstrip feed line. The overall size of the antenna [...] Read more.

A compact-sized planar super-wideband (SWB) monopole antenna with four notched bands is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of a rectangular ground plane and a circular radiator that is fed by a tapered microstrip feed line. The overall size of the antenna is 18 mm × 12 mm × 0.5 mm, and its impedance bandwidth (S₁₁ ≤ −10 dB) ranges from 2.5 GHz to 40 GHz (bandwidth ratio of 16:1). Four notched bands are obtained using two inverted U-shaped slots, a split-ring resonator (SRR), and a meandered slot. The notched frequency bands can be adjustable by changing the parameters of parasitic slot elements, and the realized notched bands in this paper are Wi-MAX band (3.5 GHz), WLAN band (5.5 GHz), satellite communication X-band (7.5 GHz), and amateur radio band (10.5 GHz). The simulated and experimental results show good agreement with each other. The antenna possesses a high gain, super-wide impedance bandwidth, and omni-directional radiation patterns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultra-Wideband Microwave/MM-Wave Components and Packaging)

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