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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 6184

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering, School of Digital, Technologies and Arts (DTA), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
Interests: carbon capture and storage (CCS); low carbon and renewable energy systems; net zero buildings; micro combined heat and power (Micro-CHP)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Abdel-Hamid Soliman

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Department of Engineering, School of Digital, Technologies and Arts (DTA), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
Interests: digital signal processing; telecommunications; data acquisition systems; wireless sensor networks (WSN) and image/video processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To achieve net-zero targets by the middle of the century, it is essential to employ combinations of low-carbon and renewable energy technologies in different sectors including energy, residential, transportation, industry, etc. Net zero is all about ‘balancing’ or cancelling out any carbon we produce from a product or service. We reach net zero when the amount of greenhouse gas we produce is no more than the amount taken away. This Special Issue is seeking advanced research works on carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) and renewable energy systems and a combination of different net-zero scenarios in achieving carbon neutrality targets and meeting energy sustainability standards by 2050.

Prof. Dr. Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani
Prof. Dr. Abdel-Hamid Soliman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

carbon capture and storage
low-carbon energy
renewable energy systems
net-zero emission
energy sustainability.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combined Analytic Hierarchy Process and Weighted Interval Method Models for the Geological Evaluation of CO₂ Storage in Coal Goaf

by Dongzhuang Hou, Yifei Xiao, Lang Liu and Chao Huan

Energies 2024, 17(11), 2672; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112672 - 31 May 2024

Viewed by 307

Abstract

The increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere is a major factor contributing to climate change. CO₂ storage in coal goaf is a convenient, effective, and economical solution. Methods to quickly and effectively evaluate geological conditions are urgently required. The main influencing factors are geological safety, storage potential, economics, and environmental protection; these include 4 aspects, 38 indexes, and 4 index levels that can be quantified using classification levels. We established a geological evaluation model, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted interval methods. AHP was used to determine its elements, indicators, and inter-layer relationships, as well as to clarify its structural relationships. The weight interval method is used to evaluate unstable elements, reducing their difficulty, and constant values are used to assign weights of stable elements to increase accuracy. This model was applied to assess the suitability of the goaf in Yaojie mine for geological CO₂ storage. The results revealed that this goaf is an above average CO₂ storage space, which was consistent with previous research. This geological CO₂ storage evaluation model may also be used to assess the CO₂ storage suitability of other coal goafs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture and Storage and Renewable Energy Systems)

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20 pages, 1696 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Feasibility of Green Hydrogen-Based Synthetic Fuel as a Carbon Utilization Option: An Economic Analysis

by J. Lemuel Martin and S. Viswanathan

Energies 2023, 16(17), 6399; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176399 - 4 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1461

Abstract

Singapore has committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2050, which requires the pursuit of multiple decarbonization pathways.

{CO}_{2}

utilization methods such as fuel production may provide a fast interim solution for carbon abatement. This paper evaluates the feasibility of green hydrogen-based [...] Read more.

Singapore has committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2050, which requires the pursuit of multiple decarbonization pathways.

{CO}_{2}

utilization methods such as fuel production may provide a fast interim solution for carbon abatement. This paper evaluates the feasibility of green hydrogen-based synthetic fuel (synfuel) production as a method for utilizing captured

{CO}_{2}

. We consider several scenarios: a baseline scenario with no changes, local production of synfuel with hydrogen imports, and overseas production of synfuel with

{CO}_{2}

exports. This paper aims to determine a

{CO}_{2}

price for synfuel production, evaluate the economic viability of local versus overseas production, and investigate the effect of different cost parameters on economic viability. Using the current literature, we estimate the associated production and transport costs under each scenario. We introduce a

{CO}_{2}

utilization price (CUP) that estimates the price of utilizing captured

{CO}_{2}

to produce synfuel, and an adjusted

{CO}_{2}

utilization price (CCUP) that takes into account the avoided emissions from crude oil-based fuel production. We find that overseas production is more economically viable compared to local production, with the best case CCUP bounds giving a range of 142–148 $/t

{CO}_{2}

in 2050 if

{CO}_{2}

transport and fuel shipping costs are low. This is primarily due to the high cost of hydrogen feedstock, especially the transport cost, which can offset the combined costs of

{CO}_{2}

transport and fuel shipping. In general, we find that any increase in the hydrogen feedstock cost can significantly affect the CCUP for local production. Sensitivity analysis reveals that hydrogen transport cost has a significant impact on the viability of local production and if this cost is reduced significantly, local production can be cheaper than overseas production. The same is true if the economies of scale for local production is significantly better than overseas production. A significantly lower carbon capture cost can also the reduce the CCUP significantly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture and Storage and Renewable Energy Systems)

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16 pages, 1343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perspectives of Biogas Plants as BECCS Facilities: A Comparative Analysis of Biomethane vs. Biohydrogen Production with Carbon Capture and Storage or Use (CCS/CCU)

by Johannes Full, Silja Hohmann, Sonja Ziehn, Edgar Gamero, Tobias Schließ, Hans-Peter Schmid, Robert Miehe and Alexander Sauer

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5066; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135066 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2377

Abstract

The transition to a carbon-neutral economy requires innovative solutions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and promote sustainable energy production. Additionally, carbon dioxide removal technologies are urgently needed. The production of biomethane or biohydrogen with carbon dioxide capture and storage are two promising BECCS approaches to achieve these goals. In this study, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches regarding their technical, economic, and environmental performance. Our analysis shows that while both approaches have the potential to reduce GHG emissions and increase energy security, the hydrogen-production approach has several advantages, including up to five times higher carbon dioxide removal potential. However, the hydrogen bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (HyBECCS) approach also faces some challenges, such as higher capital costs, the need for additional infrastructure, and lower energy efficiency. Our results give valuable insights into the trade-offs between these two approaches. They can inform decision-makers regarding the most suitable method for reducing GHG emissions and provide renewable energy in different settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture and Storage and Renewable Energy Systems)

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24 pages, 12270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bi-Functional Non-Superconducting Saturated-Core Inductor for Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV Systems: Filter and Fault Current Limiter

by Rania A. Ibrahim and Nahla E. Zakzouk

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4206; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104206 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1030

Abstract

Single-stage grid-interfaced PV topologies have challenges with high grid fault currents, despite being more efficient, simpler to implement, and less expensive than two-stage ones. In such systems, a single inverter is required to perform all grid-interface tasks. i.e., maximum power point tracking (MPPT), DC voltage stabilization, and grid current control. This necessitates a hardware-based fault current limitation solution rather than a software-based one to avoid adding to the inverter’s control complexity and to mitigate the implications of PV system tripping. Therefore, in this study, a dual-functional non-superconducting saturated-core inductor-based (SCI) reactor is proposed to be applied at the output of a single-stage PV inverter. It involves two operation modes: a grid pre-fault mode where it filters the line current, hence minimizing its THD, and a grid-fault mode where it acts as a fault current limiter (FCL). Controlling the DC saturation current flowing into its control winding terminals alters the core magnetization of the SCI to vary its impedance between a low value during normal utility operation and a maximal value during faults. Consequently, the system is protected against inverter failures or unnecessary circuit-breaker tripping, which preserves service continuity and reduces system losses. Moreover, compared to existing FCLs, the proposed topology is an appealing candidate in terms of cost, size, reliability, and harmonic filtering ability. The bi-functionality and usefulness of the proposed reactor are confirmed using simulation and experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture and Storage and Renewable Energy Systems)

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Review

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16 pages, 5736 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on CO₂–Brine Interaction in Oil and Gas Reservoirs

by Chanfei Wang, Songtao Wu, Yue Shen and Xiang Li

Energies 2024, 17(16), 3926; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163926 - 8 Aug 2024

Viewed by 293

Abstract

Carbon neutrality has become a global common goal. CCUS, as one of the technologies to achieve carbon neutrality, has received widespread attention from academia and industry. After CO₂ enters the formation, under the conditions of formation temperature and pressure, supercritical CO₂, formation water, and rock components interact, which directly affects the oil and gas recovery and carbon sequestration efficiency. In this paper, the recent progress on CO₂ water–rock interaction was reviewed from three aspects, including (i) the investigation methods of CO₂ water–rock interaction; (ii) the variable changes of key minerals, pore structure, and physical properties; and (iii) the nomination of suitable reservoirs for CO₂ geological sequestration. The review obtains the following three understandings: (1) Physical simulation and cross-time scale numerical simulation based on formation temperature and pressure conditions are important research methods for CO₂ water–rock interaction. High-precision mineral-pore in situ comparison and physical property evolution evaluation are important development directions. (2) Sensitive minerals in CO₂ water–rock interaction mainly include dolomite, calcite, anhydrite, feldspar, kaolinite, and chlorite. Due to the differences in simulated formation conditions or geological backgrounds, these minerals generally show the pattern of dissolution or precipitation or dissolution before precipitation. This differential evolution leads to complex changes in pore structure and physical properties. (3) To select the suitable reservoir for sequestration, it is necessary to confirm the sequestration potential of the reservoir and the later sequestration capacity, and then select the appropriate layer and well location to start CO₂ injection. At the same time, these processes can be optimized by CO₂ water–rock interaction research. This review aims to provide scientific guidance and technical support for shale oil recovery and carbon sequestration by introducing the mechanism of CO₂ water–rock interaction, expounding the changes of key minerals, pore structure, and physical properties, and summarizing the sequestration scheme. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture and Storage and Renewable Energy Systems)

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