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Thermoelectric Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 5849

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yongjia Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: thermoelectric energy harvesting; thermoelectric cooling; heat transfer; fluid mechanics; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tingzhen Ming

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: thermoelectric energy systems; electronics cooling; carbon neutralization technology; solar energy utilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yonggao Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: thermoelectric materials; micro thermoelectric devices; thermoelectric generator; thermoelectric cooling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermoelectrics is defined as the science and technology associated with thermoelectric generation and refrigeration. Thermoelectric energy systems, including the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and thermoelectric coolers (TECs), are regarded as solid-state thermal engine working based on the Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, and Thomson effect. Thermoelectric energy systems have many advantages over traditional energy technologies due to their quietness, small size, cleanliness, high energy density, long lifecycle, and simplicity. TEGs are currently used in wide applications ranging from power generators in space missions to common thermocouple sensors, from small energy harvesters for self-powered sensors to large-scale waste energy recovery. Meanwhile, TECs find wide applications in air conditioners, camper fridges, water chillers, electronics cooling, etc. The recent demand for high-performance chip cooling has also driven the development of micro-TECs.

Thermoelectrics has received intensive attention as the efficiency of the devices has been greatly increased thanks to the impressive progress in material synthesis and processing, device optimization, fabrication methods, thermoelectric interface materials, and system integration, leading to the advanced thermoelectric energy systems with smaller size, higher energy efficiency, and better reliability.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the theory, material, fabrication, design, modelling, and application of all types of thermoelectric energy systems.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Theory of thermoelectricity
  • Thermoelement, device, and system
  • Thermoelectric applications
  • Optimal design methodologies
  • Advanced modelling approaches
  • Thermoelectric material synthesis, processing, and measurements
  • Advanced thermoelectric materials
  • Thermoelectric interface materials

Prof. Dr. Yongjia Wu
Prof. Dr. Tingzhen Ming
Prof. Dr. Yonggao Yan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermoelectric generation
  • thermoelectric refrigeration/cooling
  • thermoelectric materials
  • characterization
  • optimization
  • modelling
  • design
  • fabrication
  • efficiency
  • reliability
  • interface

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3148 KiB  
Article
The Transient Cooling Performance of a Compact Thin-Film Thermoelectric Cooler with Horizontal Structure
by Tingzhen Ming, Lijun Liu, Peng Zhang, Yonggao Yan and Yongjia Wu
Energies 2023, 16(24), 8109; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248109 - 17 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1080
Abstract
Thermoelectric cooling is an ideal solution for chip heat dissipation due to its characteristics of no refrigerant, no vibration, no moving parts, and easy integration. Compared with a traditional thermoelectric device, a thin-film thermoelectric device significantly improves the cooling density and has tremendous [...] Read more.
Thermoelectric cooling is an ideal solution for chip heat dissipation due to its characteristics of no refrigerant, no vibration, no moving parts, and easy integration. Compared with a traditional thermoelectric device, a thin-film thermoelectric device significantly improves the cooling density and has tremendous advantages in the temperature control of electronic devices with high-power pulses. In this paper, the transient cooling performance of a compact thin-film thermoelectric cooler with a horizontal structure was studied. A 3D multi-physics field numerical model with the Thomson effect considered was established. And the effects of impulse current, thermoelectric leg length, pulse current imposition time, and the size of the contact thermal resistance on the cooling performance of the device were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the model achieved an active cooling temperature difference of 25.85 K when an impulse current of 0.26 A was imposed. The longer the length of the thermoelectric leg was, the more unfavorable it was to the chip heat dissipation. Due to the small contact area between different sections of the device, the effect of contact thermal resistance on the cooling performance of the device was moderate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermoelectric Energy Systems)
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24 pages, 8689 KiB  
Article
A Methodological Approach of Predicting the Performance of Thermoelectric Generators with Temperature-Dependent Properties and Convection Heat Losses
by Daniel Sanin-Villa and Oscar D. Monsalve-Cifuentes
Energies 2023, 16(20), 7082; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207082 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1280
Abstract
Thermoelectric generators are devices that transform thermal energy into electric energy. These devices play an influential role in our constantly developing civilization due to their energy conversion capabilities and advantages over other conventional methods. The material properties and thermoelectric phenomena are paramount to [...] Read more.
Thermoelectric generators are devices that transform thermal energy into electric energy. These devices play an influential role in our constantly developing civilization due to their energy conversion capabilities and advantages over other conventional methods. The material properties and thermoelectric phenomena are paramount to the design process of such devices. The design process must have a complex tool to model all the thermoelectric phenomena, such as, for example, the commercial numerical code of Ansys Mechanical. However, these numerical tools can be methodologically and computationally demanding. Thus, this study aims to develop a methodology through which to characterize thermoelectric generators by using a simplified one-dimensional numerical model that considers temperature-dependent N- and P-type material properties and convective heat losses. The proposed model’s results are compared and validated to a single thermoelectric leg and a complete thermoelectric commercial module, both modeled in Ansys Thermal-Electric. These results consider the different values for electric and thermal loads as current densities, electric resistivities, and heat transfer coefficients. The main result of this study is the correct prediction of the output voltage and output power given by the one-dimensional proposed model, which was validated against a comprehensive model and the commercial thermoelectric module’s information. Therefore, the proposed methodology of this study provides a deeper understanding of the thermoelectric energy conversion process, and it can guide the design and optimization of thermoelectric generators for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermoelectric Energy Systems)
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13 pages, 3916 KiB  
Article
Improved High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties in Misfit Ca3Co4O9 by Thermal Annealing
by Arindom Chatterjee, Alexandros El Sachat, Ananya Banik, Kanishka Biswas, Alejandro Castro-Alvarez, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, José Santiso and Emigdio Chávez-Ángel
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5162; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135162 - 4 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Ca3Co4O9, a p-type thermoelectric material based on transition-metal oxides, has garnered significant interest due to its potential in thermoelectric applications. Its unique misfit-layered crystal structure contributes to low thermal conductivity and a high Seebeck coefficient, leading to [...] Read more.
Ca3Co4O9, a p-type thermoelectric material based on transition-metal oxides, has garnered significant interest due to its potential in thermoelectric applications. Its unique misfit-layered crystal structure contributes to low thermal conductivity and a high Seebeck coefficient, leading to a thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of ≥1 at 1000 K. Conventionally, it has been believed that thermopower reaches its upper limit above 200 K. However, our thermopower measurements on polycrystalline Ca3Co4O9 samples have revealed an unexpected increase in thermopower above 380 K. In this study, we investigate the effects of high oxygen pressure annealing on Ca3Co4O9 and provide an explanation based on the mixed oxide states of cobalt and carrier hopping. Our results demonstrate that annealing induces modifications in the defect chemistry of Ca3Co4O9, leading to a decrease in electron hopping probability and the emergence of a thermal activation-like behavior in thermopower. These findings carry significant implications for the design and optimization of thermoelectric materials based on misfit cobaltates, opening new avenues for enhanced thermoelectric performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermoelectric Energy Systems)
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12 pages, 1826 KiB  
Article
Experimental Thermodynamic Characterization of the Chalcopyrite-Based Compounds in the Ag–In–Te System for a Potential Thermoelectric Application
by Mykola Moroz, Fiseha Tesfaye, Pavlo Demchenko, Emanuela Mastronardo, Oksana Mysina, Myroslava Prokhorenko, Serhiy Prokhorenko, Daniel Lindberg, Oleksandr Reshetnyak and Leena Hupa
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8180; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218180 - 2 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
The equilibrium concentration space of the Ag–In–Te system in the part AgInTe2–Te–In2Te3 was studied through the modified solid-state electromotive force (EMF) method by dividing In2Te3–In2Te5–Ag3In97Te147 [...] Read more.
The equilibrium concentration space of the Ag–In–Te system in the part AgInTe2–Te–In2Te3 was studied through the modified solid-state electromotive force (EMF) method by dividing In2Te3–In2Te5–Ag3In97Te147 (I), In2Te5–Te–Ag3In97Te147 (II), Ag3In97Te147–Te–AgIn5Te8 (III), AgIn5Te8–Te–AgIn3Te5 (IV), and AgIn3Te5–Te–AgInTe2 (V), into separate phase regions at T ≤ 500 K. The formation of a thermodynamically stable combination of the binary and ternary phases in the (I)–(V) phase regions from a metastable phase mixture of substances was carried out at T ≤ 500 K in the R(Ag+) part of the positive electrode (PE) of the galvanic cells (GCs) of the structure: (−) C |∙| Ag |∙| SE |∙| R(Ag+) |∙| PE |∙| C (+), where C is the graphite (inert electrode), SE is the solid-state electrolyte (Ag3GeS3Br glass), and Ag is the left (negative) electrode. The Ag+ ions in the R(Ag+) region functioned as small nucleation centers for the formation of the stable phases. The spatial position of the (I)–(V) phase regions in the concentration space of the Ag–In–Te system relative to the position of silver was used to express the overall potential-forming reactions with the participation of the substances Ag, Te, In2Te5, Ag3In97Te147, AgIn5Te8, AgIn3Te5, and AgInTe2. The subsequent EMF measurements were carried out by applying the same GCs. The temperature dependences of the EMF of GCs with PE of the (I)–(V) phase regions were here used to determine, for the first time, the values of standard thermodynamic functions of the binary and ternary compounds. The determined values of the Gibbs energies of the formation of compounds are equal: GIn2Te5○=(182.7±1.9) kJ·mol−1, GAgInTe2○=(115.0±3.1) kJ·mol−1, GAgIn3Te5○=(301.5±6.5) kJ·mol−1, GAgIn5Te8○=(487.6±11.3) kJ·mol−1, and GAg3In97Te147○=(8594±189) kJ·mol−1 The correctness of the division of the equilibrium phase space of the Ag–In–Te system in the part AgInTe2–Te–In2Te3 involving the AgInTe2, AgIn3Te5, AgIn5Te8, and Ag3In97Te147 compounds was confirmed by the agreement of the calculated and literature-based thermodynamic data for In2Te5 compound. Compositions of pairs of the ternary compounds for their subsequent practical application were proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermoelectric Energy Systems)
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