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Advances in Carbon Capture Technologies in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I3: Energy Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 7067

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Carboquímica-Spanish National Research Council (ICB-CSIC), Miguel Luesma Castán, 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: biomass; combustion; gasification; fluidization; carbon capture; chemical looping

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the world’s top three carbon sinks. Each year, more than 16 billion tons of CO2 are fixed by biomass. The thermochemical conversion of biomass generates heat, power, biochar, bio-oil, and other energy vectors, whilst biomass carbon can be freed and emitted back into the atmosphere. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) captures CO2, which, in the end, is sequestrated permanently; thus, the biomass conversion entails negative carbon dioxide emissions. BECCS breaks through the natural carbon cycle and can make significant contributions to decarbonizing the economy. Globally, BECCS is estimated to contribute to up to 22 mega tons of negative CO2 emissions per annum. Since the 2000s, when the BECCS term was coined, the role of BECCS in the mitigation scenario has grown rapidly. Today, there are more than ten BECCS technologies actively under development and more new technologies are emerging; these technologies have shown and continued to bring about value in terms of decarbonization into biomass thermochemical conversions. This Special Issue focuses on BECCS in biomass thermochemical conversion processes and invites submissions focused on, but not limited to, reviews and original research papers; the topics of interest for this Special Issue are as follows:

  • Preprocess carbon capture technologies (advanced gasification, steam methane reforming, auto-thermal reforming, partial oxidation, pyrolysis, etc.);
  • High-temperature solid looping technologies, including chemical looping, calcium looping, etc.;
  • Oxy-fuel technologies;
  • Postprocess carbon capture, e.g., absorption/adsorption-based separation, membrane CO2 separation, and cryogenic separation technologies;
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) in BECCUS;
  • Carbon capture using nanotechnology;
  • Biochar for carbon capture and removal as adsorbent or catalyst;
  • Plasma technique-based biomass processing.

Dr. Daofeng Mei
Dr. Kang Kang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • carbon capture
  • biomass
  • chemical looping
  • oxy-fuel
  • membrane
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1626 KB  
Article
Syngas Production from Liquid and Solid Fractions of Swine Manure in a 0.5 kWth Chemical Looping Gasification Unit
by Yldeney Domingos, Margarita de Las Obras Loscertales, María T. Izquierdo and Alberto Abad
Energies 2026, 19(2), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020317 - 8 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 446
Abstract
Swine manure, a heterogeneous livestock waste composed of solid and liquid excreta, can be sustainably converted through Chemical Looping Gasification (CLG) to produce syngas and bioenergy. Integrated with CO2 capture, the process enables high-purity hydrogen generation and offers a potential route toward [...] Read more.
Swine manure, a heterogeneous livestock waste composed of solid and liquid excreta, can be sustainably converted through Chemical Looping Gasification (CLG) to produce syngas and bioenergy. Integrated with CO2 capture, the process enables high-purity hydrogen generation and offers a potential route toward net-negative carbon emissions. The experimental campaign was conducted at 900 °C in a continuously operated 0.5 kWth CLG unit consisting of two interconnected fluidized bed reactors (fuel and air). Ilmenite was employed as the oxygen carrier to provide the oxygen required for gasification. This study focuses on the gasification of raw swine manure, comprising both solid and liquid fractions. The solid fraction was introduced via a screw feeder, while the liquid fraction was simulated by injecting an ammonia–water solution as gasifying agents (water or ammonia + water). The effect of the liquid fraction on syngas composition, carbon conversion, and nitrogen species (N2, NH3, N2O, NO2, and NO) was evaluated at ammonia concentrations typical of swine manure (800–5600 mg/L). Results showed an average syngas composition for solid and liquid fraction feeding of ~31% CO2, 20% CO, 41% H2, 7% CH4, and 0.5% C2 hydrocarbons, with 91–96% carbon conversion. Benzene and naphthalene dominated the tar compounds. CO2 capture potential reached 60%, with nitrogen mainly converted to N2. Full article
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21 pages, 3047 KB  
Article
Chemical Looping Gasification with Microalgae: Intrinsic Gasification Kinetics of Char Derived from Fast Pyrolysis
by Daofeng Mei, Francisco García-Labiano, Alberto Abad and Tobias Mattisson
Energies 2026, 19(1), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010276 - 5 Jan 2026
Viewed by 720
Abstract
Chemical looping gasification (CLG) based on interconnected fluidized beds is a viable technology to produce a syngas stream for chemical and fuel production. In this work, microalgae are studied for use in the CLG process; more specifically, the intrinsic kinetics of char gasification [...] Read more.
Chemical looping gasification (CLG) based on interconnected fluidized beds is a viable technology to produce a syngas stream for chemical and fuel production. In this work, microalgae are studied for use in the CLG process; more specifically, the intrinsic kinetics of char gasification have been analyzed, as it is important for the fuel conversion and design of reactor systems. Char produced from fast pyrolysis was used in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for intrinsic kinetics analysis, and measures were made to eliminate the interparticle and external particle gas diffusion. The effect of typical operational variables, such as temperature, concentration of gasification agents (H2O and CO2), and concentration of gasification products (H2 and CO), were investigated. The TGA data is used to derive a suitable gasification model that can best fit the experimental data. The fitting with experiments then generates values of the model’s kinetics parameters. Based on the model and the kinetics values, the activation energies in the gasification with steam and CO2 were calculated to be 43.3 and 91.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The model has a good capability in the prediction of the gasification profile with H2O and CO2 under a complex reacting atmosphere. Full article
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Review

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48 pages, 4145 KB  
Review
A Review on the State-of-the-Art and Commercial Status of Carbon Capture Technologies
by Md Hujjatul Islam and Shashank Reddy Patlolla
Energies 2025, 18(15), 3937; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18153937 - 23 Jul 2025
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5177
Abstract
Carbon capture technologies are largely considered to play a crucial role in meeting the climate change and global warming target set by Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2050. These technologies can contribute to clean energy transitions and emissions reduction by decarbonizing the power sector [...] Read more.
Carbon capture technologies are largely considered to play a crucial role in meeting the climate change and global warming target set by Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2050. These technologies can contribute to clean energy transitions and emissions reduction by decarbonizing the power sector and other CO2 intensive industries such as iron and steel production, natural gas processing oil refining and cement production where there is no obvious alternative to carbon capture technologies. While the progress of carbon capture technologies has fallen behind expectations in the past, in recent years there has been substantial growth in this area, with over 700 projects at various stages of development. Moreover, there are around 45 commercial carbon capture facilities already in operation around the world in different industrial processes, fuel transformation and power generation. Carbon capture technologies including pre/post-combustion, oxyfuel and chemical looping combustion have been widely exploited in the recent years at different Technology Readiness level (TRL). Although, a large number of review studies are available addressing different carbon capture strategies, however, studies related to the commercial status of the carbon capture technologies are yet to be conducted. In this review article, we summarize the state-of-the-art of different carbon capture technologies applied to different emission sources, focusing on emission reduction, net-zero emission, and negative emission. We also highlight the commercial status of the different carbon capture technologies including economics, opportunities, and challenges. Full article
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