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Energies
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Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules
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Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (2 April 2024) | Viewed by 10136

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dariusz Kurz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Automatic, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: photovoltaics; energy saving and management; energy efficiency in building; renewable energy and environment protection; building integrated photovoltaic
Prof. Dr. Agata Zdyb

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Renewable Energy Sources Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC); organic dyes for applications in DSSC; renewable energy sources; nanotechnology; thin-film solar cells; photovoltaic systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrzej Tomczewski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Automatic, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: photovoltaic–wind hybrid systems; optimization of renewable energy systems; energy storage; wind energy; solar energy; renewable energy technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fight for the natural environment is associated with the constant search for new or improved existing systems for obtaining renewable energy sources (RESs). This involves interdisciplinary research in chemistry, physics, materials engineering, electricity, energy grids, energy system design, and energy policy. It is important to search for new material and application solutions for the already-existing elements in order to use them as effectively as possible in the process of converting solar energy into electricity.

This Special Issue covers the following topics:

  • bifacial modules;
  • DSSC modules;
  • building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV);
  • connection of photovoltaic systems with wind turbines or energy storage in order to improve the parameters of the energy network;
  • photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems;
  • solar trackers;
  • physical and chemical properties of PV cells;
  • improving the connectivity of PV cells.

We invite you to publish both review articles and original scientific articles containing experimental, simulation, and computational research in this Special Issue.

Dr. Dariusz Kurz
Prof. Dr. Agata Zdyb
Dr. Andrzej Tomczewski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photovoltaic
  • BIPV
  • tracker systems of PV
  • energy efficiency
  • photovoltaic–wind hybrid systems
  • energy storage

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2160 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Energy Efficiency of Fixed and Tracking Home Photovoltaic Systems in Northern Poland
by Karol Jakub Listewnik and Tomasz Nowak
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4410; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174410 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 711
Abstract
The relevance of the article’s results lies in presenting the actual energy yields of PV panels of various generations and types of installations. The aim of the article is to provide answers about the effective operation of three different photovoltaic systems: a stationary [...] Read more.
The relevance of the article’s results lies in presenting the actual energy yields of PV panels of various generations and types of installations. The aim of the article is to provide answers about the effective operation of three different photovoltaic systems: a stationary off-grid system operated for several years, a stationary on-grid system, and a system mounted on trackers. A stationary on-grid system was used as the reference system, taking its area and energy yield as the reference point. The assessment was made on the basis of energy and cost efficiency analysis using the comparative method. The obtained results were compared to the results of other PV systems whose parameters were obtained from literature analysis. The analysis showed significant differences in adapting them to different sunlight conditions. The results confirmed the validity of using fixed PV panels (Installation II) in the short term and the advantage of the PV panel tracking system (Installation III) in the long term. The results also confirm that Installation I, despite its eight years of operation time, shows a relatively small decrease in efficiency, which confirms the validity of the long-term operation of the PV installation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules)
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21 pages, 6109 KiB  
Article
Selection of Renewable Energy Sources for Modular and Mobile “Green Classroom” Facilities
by Tomasz Węgiel, Dariusz Borkowski, Rafał Blazy, Agnieszka Ciepiela, Mariusz Łysień, Jakub Dudek, Jakub Błachut, Hanna Hrehorowicz-Gaber and Alicja Hrehorowicz-Nowak
Energies 2024, 17(9), 2033; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092033 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 794
Abstract
This article aims to demonstrate the technical capabilities and effectiveness of an energy production and management system for school facilities using a modular solution. The system is assumed to generate electricity from renewable sources, such as wind or sun. The potential of renewable [...] Read more.
This article aims to demonstrate the technical capabilities and effectiveness of an energy production and management system for school facilities using a modular solution. The system is assumed to generate electricity from renewable sources, such as wind or sun. The potential of renewable energy sources in Cracow, Poland, was assessed, with a focus on solar energy (photovoltaic panels, PV). Taking into account the installation of heating and other equipment, an analysis of the facility’s electricity demand was carried out. The study recommended the use of a heat pump system to heat and cool the facility. Renewable energy sources will meet 81% of the facility’s projected annual demand, according to the study. An analysis of the energy consumption and production profiles shows that almost 69% of the energy produced by the PV panels is consumed on site. Of the remaining energy, 31% is fed back into the grid and sold to the grid operator or used by other facilities within the shared settlement. The overall balance results in a small electricity deficit that must be covered by the grid. If suitable sites are available, the facilities under study could consider installing a wind turbine as a potential supplement to the energy deficit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules)
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17 pages, 3123 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of Measured and Simulated Data of PV Rooftop Installations Located in Poland
by Ewelina Krawczak
Energies 2023, 16(16), 5975; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165975 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
In recent years, photovoltaics (PVs) is the main driver of the renewable energy market growth in Poland. The number of photovoltaic installations, most of which are rooftop prosumer systems, is consistently growing. Therefore, the determination of the applicability and feasibility of photovoltaic systems [...] Read more.
In recent years, photovoltaics (PVs) is the main driver of the renewable energy market growth in Poland. The number of photovoltaic installations, most of which are rooftop prosumer systems, is consistently growing. Therefore, the determination of the applicability and feasibility of photovoltaic systems under different climate conditions is of great significance. This study presents the performance analysis of four prosumer photovoltaic installations situated in the Eastern part of Poland, Lublin Voivodeship. The influence of various tilt angles, ranging from 19° to 40°, and azimuths (south, east, south–east, and east–west) on the final yield have been determined under one year of operation (2022). The average yearly final yield was found to be 1022 kWh·kW−1, with the highest value obtained for the installation oriented towards the south, equal 1079 kWh·kW−1. Then, the PV systems were simulated by the use of four specialized photovoltaic software: DDS-Cad 16, PVGIS 5.2, PVSOL premium 2022, and the PVWatts Calculator 8.2.1. A comparative analysis of the measured and simulated data in terms of the final yield was carried out. The data obtained from PVGIS and PVSOL demonstrated the highest degree of overall alignment of 92% and 91%, respectively. The most significant underestimation was noticed for the DDS-Cad software, which was equal to 77%. The most accurate predictions stand out for the system oriented to the south, while the weakest was found for the E–W installation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules)
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14 pages, 2622 KiB  
Article
Increasing Energy Self-Consumption in Residential Photovoltaic Systems with Heat Pumps in Poland
by Sebastian Pater
Energies 2023, 16(10), 4003; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104003 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Currently, the use of air-source heat pumps (ASHP) in combination with a photovoltaic (PV) installation is a very promising option for a necessary and urgent energy transformation in European countries. It is extremely important to develop solutions that will help maximize the use [...] Read more.
Currently, the use of air-source heat pumps (ASHP) in combination with a photovoltaic (PV) installation is a very promising option for a necessary and urgent energy transformation in European countries. It is extremely important to develop solutions that will help maximize the use of energy generated from renewable energy sources. Such issues include the problem of insufficient use of generated electricity in PV on-grid microinstallations in residential buildings. This paper’s aim is to analyse the results of a one-year-round operation of a PV array grid-connected hybrid installation with ASHP for domestic hot water preparation in a residential building in Cracow, Poland, in the context of increasing self-consumption of PV energy. Models of systems are built and simulated in the Transient System Simulation software in release 18.05.0001. Simulations were carried out for different scenarios involving different building electricity consumption profiles, PV system capacity and specified runtime management of ASHP. The novelty of this study lies in the evaluation of the impact of a certain range of conditions on the energy performance of the system and in particular on increasing self-consumption. The results showed that the use of ASHP, with specified runtime management, results in an increase in monthly self-consumption values from 7% to 18%, and annual values up to 13%. Moreover, determining the appropriate size of the used PV system depending on whether it is present ASHP in the installation is crucial to increasing the value of this parameter. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of PV panels and ASHP operating together, particularly on self-consumption values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules)
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40 pages, 3897 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Impact of the Level of Self-Consumption of Electricity from a Prosumer Photovoltaic Installation on Its Profitability under Different Energy Billing Scenarios in Poland
by Dariusz Kurz and Agata Nowak
Energies 2023, 16(2), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020946 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have been gaining popularity on a continuous basis and the current global political situation is only accelerating energy transformation in many countries. Objectives related to environmental protection and use of RES set by different countries all over the world [...] Read more.
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have been gaining popularity on a continuous basis and the current global political situation is only accelerating energy transformation in many countries. Objectives related to environmental protection and use of RES set by different countries all over the world as well as the European Union (EU) are becoming priorities. In Poland, after years of a boom in photovoltaic (PV) installations, the Renewable Energy Sources Act has been amended, resulting in a change to the billing system for electricity produced by individual prosumers. The change in the billing method, also in pursuance to the provisions of EU laws, has contributed to the inhibition of the PV installation market for fear of energy prices and investment payback time. In this paper, by using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, three mechanisms of billing of electricity from prosumer micro-installations—based on the net-metering principle and net-billing principle (using monthly and hourly prices)—have been analysed. Particular attention has also been paid to the aspects of electricity self-consumption and energy storages, which play a significant role in the economy of PV installations in the net-billing system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules)
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Review

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13 pages, 4094 KiB  
Review
State-of-the-Art of Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Technology
by Alois Resch and Robert Höller
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3821; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093821 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) technology has the potential to support the industrial sector with renewable electricity and heat simultaneously. The implementation of spectral splitting emerges as a possible approach to significantly increase the conversion efficiency, and furthermore, to hurdle the fundamental discrepancy of [...] Read more.
Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) technology has the potential to support the industrial sector with renewable electricity and heat simultaneously. The implementation of spectral splitting emerges as a possible approach to significantly increase the conversion efficiency, and furthermore, to hurdle the fundamental discrepancy of CPVT systems, that the electrical and the thermal receiver part have opposing temperature requirements. This paper provides an introductive description of beam splitting methodology and presents an updated review of the latest developments in the specific sector of spectral splitting by selective absorption. Furthermore, a novel CPVT receiver design utilizing bendable PV cells and an innovative heat transfer fluid are explained in detail. Simulation results illustrate the possibilities of spectral splitting to raise the electrical conversion efficiency in CPVT receivers by up to 42.9%. Potential improvements in receiver designs are discussed for further enhancement of the technical capabilities and possible cost reduction of the implemented material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance and Application Possibilities of Photovoltaic Modules)
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