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Energies
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Condition Monitoring of Critical Infrastructure for Energy Systems
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Condition Monitoring of Critical Infrastructure for Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F4: Critical Energy Infrastructure".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 14351

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Philip Pong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ 07102, USA
Interests: wind power; sensors; power systems; smart grid; smart city
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Weiqiang Dong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Interests: decision fusion; distributed detection; machine learning
Prof. Dr. Moshe Kam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Interests: sensor fusion; data fusion; decision theory; control; power systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sensors, IoT connectivity, and data analytics technologies are advancing drastically and becoming even more cost-effective. This contributes to increasing developments in condition monitoring. A condition monitoring system uses sensors, communication and data analytics to acquire physical parameters of critical infrastructures in order to analyze and detect anomalies and keep track of the health of the energy systems. Energy systems are a large, complex process network, and its components will fail or degrade over time. It is very challenging to find out which components and when it will happen. Taking advantage of pervasive sensing, advanced signal analysis can be conducted on the sensor data for early fault and disturbance detection so that faults and disturbances can be handled efficiently. Proactive maintenance including predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance will be enabled to ensure maintenance to occur before breakdowns happen. Combining sensor measurements with machine learning algorithms can predict the exact moment when maintenance actions should be taken. Condition monitoring of critical infrastructure for energy systems will open up the path to increasing return on investment, reducing maintenance cost, eliminating breakdown and downtime, and enhancing productivity. It will also be conducive to the cyber-physical safety of power systems.

This Special Issue aims to provide articles on condition monitoring of critical infrastructure for energy systems in areas including, but are not limited to:

  • energy transmission and distribution;
  • energy generation;
  • energy storage;
  • energy utilization;
  • smart grid;
  • smart city;
  • microgrid.

Dr. Philip Pong
Dr. Weiqiang Dong
Prof. Dr. Moshe Kam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • condition monitoring
  • critical infrastructure
  • sensors
  • sensor fusion
  • IoT
  • proactive maintenance
  • cyber-physical safety

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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37 pages, 2816 KiB  
Review
Sensor Technologies for Transmission and Distribution Systems: A Review of the Latest Developments
by Akhyurna Swain, Elmouatamid Abdellatif, Ahmed Mousa and Philip W. T. Pong
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7339; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197339 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8438
Abstract
The transmission and distribution systems are essential in facilitating power flow from the source multiple loads over large distances with high magnitudes of voltages and currents. Hence, the monitoring and control of various components of these structures are crucial. Traditionally, this was implemented [...] Read more.
The transmission and distribution systems are essential in facilitating power flow from the source multiple loads over large distances with high magnitudes of voltages and currents. Hence, the monitoring and control of various components of these structures are crucial. Traditionally, this was implemented by sensing only the grid current and grid voltage parameters through coils, clamps, or instrument transformers. However, these have bulky structures that restrict them to the substation and have installation and maintenance issues due to their direct contact with high voltage conductors. Currently, the power grid is undergoing various developments e.g., penetration of renewable energy sources, remote control, and automation, bidirectional power flow, etc. These developments call for compact and energy-efficient sensors to sense multiple grid parameters such as the magnetic field data, temperature, humidity, acoustics, etc., to enable real time, wide area monitoring and the predictive maintenance of the power grid. The goal of this paper is to summarize the advancements in sensing technologies on transmission and distribution systems over a decade and to explain their role in the forthcoming expansion of the power grids. This paper aims to outline the current state-of-affairs of sensor technology as well as to fill research gaps by exploring their limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring of Critical Infrastructure for Energy Systems)
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59 pages, 34975 KiB  
Review
Large-Power Transformers: Time Now for Addressing Their Monitoring and Failure Investigation Techniques
by Jonathan Velasco Costa, Diogo F. F. da Silva and Paulo J. Costa Branco
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4697; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134697 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3553
Abstract
Several review studies exist in the literature about monitoring, fault detection, and diagnosis of power transformers. However, they are general approaches in terms of power transformers. Some only focus on applying a specific class of techniques, but again, for general power transformers. Other [...] Read more.
Several review studies exist in the literature about monitoring, fault detection, and diagnosis of power transformers. However, they are general approaches in terms of power transformers. Some only focus on applying a specific class of techniques, but again, for general power transformers. Other reviews focus on applying different technologies such as fiber optics, thermal cameras, and vibration sensors, but all within the perspective of general power transformers. A significant question remains: among all types of power transformers, which specific techniques should be used, and why are they more adequate? What are the uncertainties that can decrease their precision? What about the balance, in terms of costs, associated with applying a certain technique and the return needed for a particular type of transformer? In this context, this paper is not only a literature review of well-known problems related to power transformers. Here, we do not just center on large power transformers (100 MVA or higher). Still, we describe a case study of a phase-shifting 1400 MVA-400 kV three-phase transformer that currently connects two European countries that began to show signs of abnormal operating conditions in 2012. In this way, the need to detect and identify anomalies in their initial stage of development for a possible preventive maintenance action is more than justified, which is essentially achieved with continuous monitoring models of the transformer, as concluded in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring of Critical Infrastructure for Energy Systems)
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Other

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19 pages, 3073 KiB  
Perspective
Drones are Endangering Energy Critical Infrastructure, and How We Can Deal with This
by Akhilesh Kootala, Ahmed Mousa and Philip W. T. Pong
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5521; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145521 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1372
Abstract
Drones are becoming a greater threat to modern electrical grids with the capability to cause expensive and time-consuming damage repairs to substations and transmission lines. Consumer drones have the potential to cause harm at a low cost, and finding methods to counter these [...] Read more.
Drones are becoming a greater threat to modern electrical grids with the capability to cause expensive and time-consuming damage repairs to substations and transmission lines. Consumer drones have the potential to cause harm at a low cost, and finding methods to counter these threats is becoming more crucial to keep grids secure. In 2021, there was an attempted attack on a substation with a consumer drone which highlighted the need for research in this area. Previously, there has been a large focus on counter drones around places such as airports; however, more focus is warranted to analyze drone impact on the grid infrastructure. Methods to counter drones’ harmful impacts vary from physical methods to using electromagnetic waves. This article looks to identify and propose potential applications for existing technologies, as well as developing anti-drone technologies. These methods have not been adopted yet; thus, there is a great opportunity to utilize these existing technologies to defend the grid. The methods investigated were surveillance cameras, patrolling drones, nets, signal jammers, and energy weapons. The existing technology is currently lacking in the area of drone defense and can be improved with existing studies. However, there is a need to identify those methods and find ways to apply them to the power grid. Different defending technologies vary concerning their potential implementation. This paper also identifies and categorizes different results these methods produce to counter drones and their associated costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring of Critical Infrastructure for Energy Systems)
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