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Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 15826

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aliyu Aliyu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Technology, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
Interests: flow diagnostics for single-phase, e.g., in aerodynamics, mixers, and multiphase such as in heat exchangers, industrial mixers, turbomachinery, and oil and gas and process pipelines; instrumentation: conductance, capacitance, optical fibre sensors; imaging with high-speed cameras, laser diagnostics (especially particle image velocimetry PIV), and image processing with phase separation; CFD flow modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased invite you to submit your high-quality manuscripts to this Special Issue on “Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines” in the journal Energies. The theme of the paper may relate to theoretical, experimental or numerical studies investigating phenomena related to heat and mass transfer. Target topics include single-phase and multiphase flows in pipes, mixers, cyclones, and other separators, as well as open channels, with heat transfer in these systems where applicable.

Novel instrumentation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of these systems based on standard techniques (e.g., PIV and RANS modelling, respectively) will be of immense interest to readers. CFD work with commercial software should include deep analysis of the results, and studies using open-source codes are encouraged. Works that examine phenomena in renewable energy systems are also strongly encouraged.

Manuscripts may be review papers or regular papers based on applied or fundamental studies. Physical and mathematical modelling including machine learning is of interest, as well as field case studies. For example, a fundamental study may be about understanding the mechanisms of boundary layer interaction with a functional surface. Instances of applied research may concern the optimisation of a pipeline for heavy oil transport or the design of novel channels which have important environmental applications.

The Special Issue will explore the technical challenges related to important heat and mass transfer problems and will serve as an excellent opportunity to rapidly share your research in an open-access journal for the widest reach and impact.

We look forward to receiving your manuscripts for this Special Issue.

Dr. Aliyu Aliyu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Heat transfer
  • Flow measurement
  • Multiphase pipe flows
  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Mass transfer in separators
  • Free surface flows
  • Boundary layers
  • Machine learning
  • Renewable energy systems

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3695 KiB  
Article
The Numerical Modeling of Gas Movement in a Single Inlet New Generation Multi-Channel Cyclone Separator
by Aleksandras Chlebnikovas, Artūras Kilikevičius, Jaroslaw Selech, Jonas Matijošius, Kristina Kilikevičienė, Darius Vainorius, Giorgio Passerini and Jacek Marcinkiewicz
Energies 2021, 14(23), 8092; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238092 - 3 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
The work of traditional cyclones is based on the separation of solid particles using only the centrifugal forces. Therefore, they do not demonstrate high gas-cleaning efficiency, particularly in the cases where gas flows are polluted with fine solid particles (about 20 µm in [...] Read more.
The work of traditional cyclones is based on the separation of solid particles using only the centrifugal forces. Therefore, they do not demonstrate high gas-cleaning efficiency, particularly in the cases where gas flows are polluted with fine solid particles (about 20 µm in diameter). The key feature of a new-generation multi-channel cyclone separator’s structure is that its symmetrical upgraded curved elements, with openings cut with their plates bent outwards, make channels for the continuous movement of the gas flows from the inflow opening to the central axis. The smoke flue of the vertical gas outflow is located near the cover of the separating chamber. The present work is aimed at studying the applicability of two various viscosity models and their modified versions to simulate aerodynamic processes in an innovative design for a multi-channel cyclone separator with a single inflow, using the computational fluid dynamics. The research results obtained in the numerical simulation are compared to the experimental results obtained using a physical model. The main purpose of this study is to provide information on how the new design for the multi-channel cyclone affects the distribution of gas flow in the cyclone’s channels. The modified viscosity models, k-ε and k-ω, and computational meshes with various levels of detailed elaboration were analyzed. The developed numerical models of a single-inlet multi-channel cyclone separator allow the researchers to describe its advantages and possible methods of improving its new structure. The developed models can be used for simulating the fluid cleaning phenomenon in the improved fourth-channel cyclone separator and to optimize the whole research process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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24 pages, 18436 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Behaviour of Air–Water Upward and Downward Flows: Are You Seeing What I Am Seeing?
by Mukhtar Abdulkadir, Olumayowa T. Kajero, Fawziyah O. Olarinoye, Dickson O. Udebhulu, Donglin Zhao, Aliyu M. Aliyu and Abdelsalam Al-Sarkhi
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7071; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217071 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
Understanding the behaviour of gas–liquid flows in upward and downward pipe configurations in chemical, petroleum, and nuclear industries is vital when optimal design, operation, production, and safety are of paramount concern. Unfortunately, the information concerning the behaviour of such flows in large pipe [...] Read more.
Understanding the behaviour of gas–liquid flows in upward and downward pipe configurations in chemical, petroleum, and nuclear industries is vital when optimal design, operation, production, and safety are of paramount concern. Unfortunately, the information concerning the behaviour of such flows in large pipe diameters is rare. This article aims to bridge that gap by reporting air–water upward and downward flows in 127 mm internal diameter pipes using advanced conductance ring probes located at two measurement locations. The liquid and gas flow rates are 0.021 to 0.33 m/s and 3.52 to 16.1 m/s, correspondingly, covering churn and annular flows. To achieve the desired objectives, several parameters, probability density function (PDF), power spectral density (PSD), Slippage Number (SN), drift velocity (Ugd), and distribution coefficient (C0) were employed. The flow regimes encountered in the two pipe configurations were distinguished employing a flow regime map available in the literature and statistical analysis. The obtained results were supported by visual inspection. The comparison between the present study against reported studies reveals the same tendency for the measured experimental data. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) method within 4% was utilized in recommending the best void fraction prediction correlation for the downward and upward flows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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25 pages, 1911 KiB  
Communication
Performance of Pure Crossflow Heat Exchanger in Sensible Heat Transfer Application
by Karthik Silaipillayarputhur and Tawfiq Al-Mughanam
Energies 2021, 14(17), 5489; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175489 - 2 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
All process industries involve the usage of heat exchanger equipment and understanding its performance during the design phase is very essential. The present research work specifies the performance of a pure cross flow heat exchanger in terms of dimensionless factors such as number [...] Read more.
All process industries involve the usage of heat exchanger equipment and understanding its performance during the design phase is very essential. The present research work specifies the performance of a pure cross flow heat exchanger in terms of dimensionless factors such as number of transfer units, capacity rate ratio, and heat exchanger effectiveness. Steady state sensible heat transfer was considered in the analysis. The matrix approach that was established in the earlier work was used in the study. The results were depicted in the form of charts, tables, and performance equations. It was observed that indeterminately increasing the number of transfer units past a threshold limit provided very marginal improvement in the performance of a pure cross flow heat exchanger. Likewise, flow pattern in a heat exchanger is usually assumed either as mixed or unmixed. However, due to various operating conditions, partially mixed conditions do exist. This work considers partially mixed conditions in the tube side of the heat exchanger. The correction factor for heat exchanger effectiveness was developed to accommodate partially mixed flow conditions in the pure cross flow heat exchanger. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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21 pages, 11216 KiB  
Article
Effect of Biodiesel Blends on the Transient Performance of Compression Ignition Engines
by Belachew Cekene Tesfa, Rakesh Mishra and Aliyu M. Aliyu
Energies 2021, 14(17), 5416; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175416 - 31 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1653
Abstract
Prior to full electric conversion, internal combustion engines will still maintain a paramount position in heavy goods and earth-moving vehicles. The most promising, cleaner alternative to fossil fuels is biodiesel. While it does not require alterations in the engine design, hence no major [...] Read more.
Prior to full electric conversion, internal combustion engines will still maintain a paramount position in heavy goods and earth-moving vehicles. The most promising, cleaner alternative to fossil fuels is biodiesel. While it does not require alterations in the engine design, hence no major overhaul of existing infrastructure, biodiesel is more sustainable and clean-burning than petro-diesel. Extensive research has been reported on the effect of biodiesel blends, on the operational characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines as well as the emissions behaviour of such engines. The performance characteristics of CI engines under transient operational conditions with Biodiesel blends has had limited attention so far from researchers. In the present work, transient performance characteristics of a CI engine has been evaluated for various biodiesel blends and its effects on performance behaviour have been quantified. In addition, emission footprints of CI engines under various transient operational conditions have also been enumerated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 1362 KiB  
Article
An Approximate Transfer Function Model for a Double-Pipe Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger
by Krzysztof Bartecki
Energies 2021, 14(14), 4174; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144174 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2028
Abstract
The transfer functions G(s) for different types of heat exchangers obtained from their partial differential equations usually contain some irrational components which reflect quite well their spatio-temporal dynamic properties. However, such a relatively complex mathematical representation is often not suitable [...] Read more.
The transfer functions G(s) for different types of heat exchangers obtained from their partial differential equations usually contain some irrational components which reflect quite well their spatio-temporal dynamic properties. However, such a relatively complex mathematical representation is often not suitable for various practical applications, and some kind of approximation of the original model would be more preferable. In this paper we discuss approximate rational transfer functions G^(s) for a typical thick-walled double-pipe heat exchanger operating in the counter-flow mode. Using the semi-analytical method of lines, we transform the original partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations representing N spatial sections of the exchanger, where each nth section can be described by a simple rational transfer function matrix Gn(s), n=1,2,…,N. Their proper interconnection results in the overall approximation model expressed by a rational transfer function matrix G^(s) of high order. As compared to the previously analyzed approximation model for the double-pipe parallel-flow heat exchanger which took the form of a simple, cascade interconnection of the sections, here we obtain a different connection structure which requires the use of the so-called linear fractional transformation with the Redheffer star product. Based on the resulting rational transfer function matrix G^(s), the frequency and the steady-state responses of the approximate model are compared here with those obtained from the original irrational transfer function model G(s). The presented results show: (a) the advantage of the counter-flow regime over the parallel-flow one; (b) better approximation quality for the transfer function channels with dominating heat conduction effects, as compared to the channels characterized by the transport delay associated with the heat convection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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19 pages, 2160 KiB  
Article
A Two-Fluid Model for High-Viscosity Upward Annular Flow in Vertical Pipes
by Joseph X. F. Ribeiro, Ruiquan Liao, Aliyu M. Aliyu, Salem K. B. Ahmed, Yahaya D. Baba, Almabrok A. Almabrok, Archibong Archibong-Eso and Zilong Liu
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3485; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123485 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2187
Abstract
Proper selection and application of interfacial friction factor correlations has a significant impact on prediction of key flow characteristics in gas–liquid two-phase flows. In this study, experimental investigation of gas–liquid flow in a vertical pipeline with internal diameter of 0.060 m is presented. [...] Read more.
Proper selection and application of interfacial friction factor correlations has a significant impact on prediction of key flow characteristics in gas–liquid two-phase flows. In this study, experimental investigation of gas–liquid flow in a vertical pipeline with internal diameter of 0.060 m is presented. Air and oil (with viscosities ranging from 100–200 mPa s) were used as gas and liquid phases, respectively. Superficial velocities of air ranging from 22.37 to 59.06 m/s and oil ranging from 0.05 to 0.16 m/s were used as a test matrix during the experimental campaign. The influence of estimates obtained from nine interfacial friction factor models on the accuracy of predicting pressure gradient, film thickness and gas void fraction was investigated by utilising a two-fluid model. Results obtained indicate that at liquid viscosity of 100 mPa s, the interfacial friction factor correlation proposed by Belt et al. (2009) performed best for pressure gradient prediction while the Moeck (1970) correlation provided the best prediction of pressure gradient at the liquid viscosity of 200 mPa s. In general, these results indicate that the two-fluid model can accurately predict the flow characteristics for liquid viscosities used in this study when appropriate interfacial friction factor correlations are implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 7725 KiB  
Article
Flow Pattern Map of Flow Boiling in a Rectangular Channel Filled with Porous Media
by Youngwoo Kim, Dae Yeon Kim and Kyung Chun Kim
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2440; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092440 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2043
Abstract
A flow visualization study was carried out for flow boiling in a rectangular channel filled with and without metallic random porous media. Four main flow patterns are observed as intermittent slug-churn flow, churn-annular flow, annular-mist flow, and mist flow regimes. These flow patterns [...] Read more.
A flow visualization study was carried out for flow boiling in a rectangular channel filled with and without metallic random porous media. Four main flow patterns are observed as intermittent slug-churn flow, churn-annular flow, annular-mist flow, and mist flow regimes. These flow patterns are clearly classified based on the high-speed images of the channel flow. The results of the flow pattern map according to the mass flow rate were presented using saturation temperatures and the materials of porous media as variables. As the saturation temperatures increased, the annular-mist flow regime occupied a larger area than the lower saturation temperatures condition. Therefore, the churn flow regime is narrower, and the slug flow more quickly turns to annular flow with the increasing vapor quality. The pattern map is not significantly affected by the materials of porous media. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer in Process Systems and Oil and Gas Pipelines)
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