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Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 5433

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sihui Hong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
Interests: boiling heat transfer; multiphase flow; solar energy utilization; battery thermal management; cooling devices; heat pipe
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We cordially invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of Energies entitled “Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer”.

Transfer phenomena can be found in various fields of science and engineering, including heat and mass transfer and multiphase fluid flow. It addresses applications from the nanoscale to macroscale, from single-phase to multiphase, from non-reactive to reactive flows, and from ground to space. With worsening energy consumption and environmental pollution, high demands are being placed on the further improvement of traditional technologies or the development of novel breakthrough technologies.

In order to achieve the efficient utilization of phase-change and transfer technology, heat and mass transfer mechanisms and multiphase flow at different scales are important factors to consider.

This Special Issue will address the latest research and application trends and fundamentals of energy utilization, including materials, devices and systems. In particular, this Special Issue will address heat and mass transfer and multiphase flow in various devices and systems. The preparation, characterization and heat transfer properties of different functional structures are of interest. We welcome both experimental and computational studies, such as those focusing on molecular dynamics, dissipative particle dynamics and the lattice Boltzmann method, among others.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • The mixing and separation of two-phase flow.
  • The measurement of multiphase flow, including flow patterns, liquid film thickness, void fraction.
  • Advanced microchannel heat sinks, heat pipes, and vapor chambers.
  • Boiling and condensation on functional surfaces and micro/nano-structures.
  • Cooling electronic devices and thermal management systems of electrical vehicles, including air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase-change material cooling or heating.
  • The latent heat function of nanofluids and nanocapsules.
  • Micro/nano heat transfer and multiphase flow of thermal energy storage and thermal management systems, including both experimental and computational studies.
  • Advanced energy storage management systems.
  • Advanced solar receivers and power cycles.
  • Oval phase-change materials for thermal storage and management, including organic, inorganic, and eutectic or micro/nano-encapsulated phase-change materials.

Dr. Sihui Hong
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiphase flow
  • flow boiling
  • flow condensation
  • porous media
  • liquid film evaporation

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3191 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Investigation of Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Flow during the Condensation of R410A within Parallel Microchannels
by Long Huang, Luyao Guo, Baoqing Liu, Zhijiang Jin and Jinyuan Qian
Energies 2024, 17(20), 5105; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205105 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 676
Abstract
In this study, the flow condensation of R-410A within 18 square microchannels arranged horizontally in parallel was experimentally investigated. All components of pressure drop, including expansion, contraction, deceleration, and friction, were quantified specifically for microchannels. The test conditions included saturation temperature, vapor quality, [...] Read more.
In this study, the flow condensation of R-410A within 18 square microchannels arranged horizontally in parallel was experimentally investigated. All components of pressure drop, including expansion, contraction, deceleration, and friction, were quantified specifically for microchannels. The test conditions included saturation temperature, vapor quality, and mass flux, ranging from 18.86 to 24.22 bar, 0.09 to 0.92, and 200 to 445 kg/m2·s, respectively. The frictional pressure loss made up approximately 92.89% of the overall pressure reduction. The findings demonstrate that the pressure drop rises with higher mass flux and a lower saturation temperature. By comparing with correlations and semi-empirical models outlined in the literature across various scales, specimen types, and refrigerant media, correlations developed for two-phase adiabatic flows in multi-channel configurations can effectively predict the pressure drop in microchannel condensation processes. The model introduced by Sakamatapan and Wongwises demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with a mean absolute deviation of 8.4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer)
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18 pages, 6598 KiB  
Article
The Application of the Particle Element Method in Tubular Propellant Charge Structure: Lumped Element Method and Multiple-Element Method
by Ruyi Tao, Shenshen Cheng, Xinggan Lu, Shao Xue and Xiaoting Cui
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4384; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174384 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 807
Abstract
Due to the orderly arrangement of tubular propellant, the permeability of combustion gases is improved, which is beneficial for enhancing the safety of the combustion system. However, current internal ballistic gas-solid flow calculation methods adopt a quasi-fluid assumption, which cannot accurately account for [...] Read more.
Due to the orderly arrangement of tubular propellant, the permeability of combustion gases is improved, which is beneficial for enhancing the safety of the combustion system. However, current internal ballistic gas-solid flow calculation methods adopt a quasi-fluid assumption, which cannot accurately account for the characteristics of long tube shapes. Additionally, tubular propellants exhibit both overall movement and parameter distribution characteristics, necessitating the decoupling of gas and solid phases. These two deficiencies in previous studies have limited the effectiveness of gas-solid flow simulations for tubular propellant. This paper proposes a numerical calculation model suitable for tubular propellant charging based on the particle element method for internal ballistic two-phase flow. Firstly, considering the overall movement characteristics of tubular propellants, the concept of blank particle elements is introduced to represent pure gas phase regions. Then, based on computational requirements, the tubular propellants are divided to form the lumped element method and the multiple-element method. The moving boundary method is used to calculate the movement process of the propellant bed particle group and is compared with experimental results to verify the applicability of the two methods in tubular propellant beds. Analysis results show that the particle element method can effectively capture changes in the flow field inside the chamber and the position of tubular propellants. The lumped element method can quickly obtain the flow field distribution characteristics inside the chamber, while the multiple-element method can capture parameter distribution characteristics at different positions of the tubular propellants while ensuring overall movement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer)
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15 pages, 13152 KiB  
Article
Phase Distribution of Gas–Liquid Slug–Annular Flow in Horizontal Parallel Micro-Channels
by Yanchu Liu, Siqiang Jiang and Shuangfeng Wang
Energies 2024, 17(10), 2399; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102399 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 782
Abstract
As a transitional flow pattern, slug–annular flow occurs over a wide range of operating conditions in micro-channels while its distribution in parallel micro-channels has not been well characterized. Herein, we conducted an experiment to study the phase distribution of slug–annular flow in parallel [...] Read more.
As a transitional flow pattern, slug–annular flow occurs over a wide range of operating conditions in micro-channels while its distribution in parallel micro-channels has not been well characterized. Herein, we conducted an experiment to study the phase distribution of slug–annular flow in parallel micro-channels. The test section consists of a header with a diameter of 0.48 mm and six branch channels with a diameter of 0.40 mm. Nitrogen and 0.03 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution were used as the test fluids. It was found that the phase distribution of the slug–annular flow was unstable and the duration of the varying process showed regularity with different inlet conditions. Increasing the liquid superficial velocity facilitated the liquid phase to flow into channels at the fore part of the header, while the channels at the rear part of the header were more supplied with liquid as the gas superficial velocity, volume fraction of gas, and volume flow rate increased. Furthermore, the results indicated that the channels located at the rear part of the header experienced a pronounced enhancement in the supply of both the liquid and gas phases, with the spacing between the branches increasing. A predictive correlation was formulated to ascertain the distribution of the liquid phase within slug–annular flow across parallel micro-channels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer)
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15 pages, 5335 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Influence of Fin Parameters on Porous-Medium Approximation
by Junjie Tong, Shuming Li, Tingyu Wang, Shuxiang Wang, Hu Xu and Shuiyu Yan
Energies 2024, 17(5), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17051133 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 951
Abstract
The porous-medium approximation (PM) approach is extensively employed in large-quantity grid simulations of heat exchangers, providing a time-saving approach in engineering applications. To further investigate the influence of different geometries on the implementation of the PM approach, we reviewed existing experimental conditions and [...] Read more.
The porous-medium approximation (PM) approach is extensively employed in large-quantity grid simulations of heat exchangers, providing a time-saving approach in engineering applications. To further investigate the influence of different geometries on the implementation of the PM approach, we reviewed existing experimental conditions and performed numerical simulations on both straight fins and serrated fins. Equivalent flow and heat-transfer factors were obtained from the actual model, and computational errors in flow and heat transfer were compared between the actual model and its PM model counterpart. This exploration involved parameters such as aspect ratio (a*), specific surface area (Asf), and porosity (γ) to evaluate the influence of various geometric structures on the PM approach. Whether in laminar or turbulent-flow regimes, when the aspect ratio a* of straight fins is 0.98, the flow error (δf) utilizing the PM approach exceeds 45%, while the error remains within 5% when a* is 0.05. Similarly, for serrated fins, the flow error peaks (δf  > 25%) at higher aspect ratios (a* = 0.61) with the PM method and reaches a minimum (δf  < 5%) at lower aspect ratios (a* = 0.19). Under the same Reynolds numbers (Re), employing the PM approach results in an increased heat-transfer error (δh)with rising porosity (γ) and decreasing specific surface area (Asf), both of which remained under 10% within the range of this study. At lower aspect ratios (a*), the fin structure becomes more compact, resulting in a larger specific surface area (Asf) and smaller porosity (γ). This promotes more uniform flow and heat transfer within the model, which is closer to the characteristics of PM. In summary, for straight fins at 0 < a* < 0.17 in the laminar regime (200 < Re < 1000) and in the turbulent regime (1200 < Re < 5000) and for serrated fins at 0 < a* < 0.28 in the laminar regime (400 < Re < 1000) or 0 < a* < 0.32, in the turbulent regime (2000 < Re < 5000), the flow and heat-transfer errors are less than 15%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer)
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18 pages, 4395 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Pulsating Heat Pipe with Adaptive Structured Channels
by Jiangchuan Yu, Sihui Hong, Sasaki Koudai, Chaobin Dang and Shuangfeng Wang
Energies 2023, 16(19), 6988; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16196988 - 7 Oct 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
In recent years, the development of electronic chips has focused on achieving high integration and lightweight designs. As a result, pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have gained widespread use as passive cooling devices due to their exceptional heat transfer capacity. Nevertheless, the erratic pulsations [...] Read more.
In recent years, the development of electronic chips has focused on achieving high integration and lightweight designs. As a result, pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have gained widespread use as passive cooling devices due to their exceptional heat transfer capacity. Nevertheless, the erratic pulsations observed in slug flow across multiple channels constitute a significant challenge, hindering the advancement of start-up and heat dissipation capabilities in traditional PHP systems. In this paper, we introduce a flat plate pulsating heat pipe (PHP) featuring adaptive structured channels, denoted as ASCPHP. The aim is to enhance the thermal performance of PHP systems. These adaptive structured channels are specifically engineered to dynamically accommodate volume changes during phase transitions, resulting in the formation of a predictable and controllable two-phase flow. This innovation is pivotal in achieving a breakthrough in the thermal performance of PHPs. We experimentally verified the heat transfer performance of the ASCPHP across a range of heating loads from 10 to 75 W and various orientations spanning 0 to 90 degrees, while maintaining a constant filling ratio (FR) of 40%. In comparison to traditional PHP systems, the ASCPHP design, as proposed in this study, offers the advantage of achieving a lower evaporation temperature and a more uniform temperature distribution across the PHP surface. The thermal resistances are reduced by a maximum of 37.5% when FR is 40%. The experimental results for start-up characteristics, conducted at a heating power of 70 W, demonstrate that the ASCPHP exhibits the quickest start-up response and the lowest start-up temperature among the tested configurations. Furthermore, thanks to the guiding influence of adaptive structured channels on two-phase flow, liquid replenishment in the ASCPHP exhibits minimal dependence on gravity. This means that the ASCPHP can initiate the start-up process promptly, even when placed horizontally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances In and Prospects of Multiphase Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer)
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