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Energies
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Next Generation of Hydraulic Machines
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Next Generation of Hydraulic Machines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2022) | Viewed by 10630

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. John Anagnostopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
Interests: hydrodynamic design of hydraulic machinery and components; numerical modelling and optimization; fluid structure interaction; dynamic phenomena and cavitation in hydraulic turbomachines; experimental investigation of performance and unsteady phenomena in turbomachines; condition monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Next Generation of Hydraulic Machines”. Efficient hydraulic machinery are instrumental to achieving sustainable development and ensuring energy security. The development of advanced numerical tools and techniques has generated new insights on flow physics and phenomena and has facilitated performance improvements under normal and off-design conditions. There is an increased research interest to further improve the environmental profile of hydraulic turbomachinery, increase their operating envelope, extend their life span, and maximize cost effectiveness.

This Special Issue deals with numerical modelling and hydrodynamic design techniques applied on the entire specific speed range of hydraulic turbomachines (centrifugal pumps and hydroturbines), in order to optimize their performance and efficiency and/or to achieve specific characteristics, like improved cavitation performance, fish friendliness, etc. Works that include evaluation of the accuracy of the numerical results or validation against experimental data are highly preferable.

Prof. John Anagnostopoulos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydraulic Turbomachines
  • Centrifugal (rotodynamic) pumps
  • Hydraulic turbines (hydroturbines)
  • Impulse and Reaction turbines
  • Reversible Pump-turbines
  • Pumps as turbines (PaT)
  • Perfomance and efficiency
  • Impeller, Runner, Volute, Draft tube
  • Wicket gate, Spear valve, Blade, Bucket
  • Numerical modelling and analysis
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
  • Design parameterization
  • Hydrodynamic (hydraulic) design
  • Numerical design optimization
  • Performance measurements
  • Experimental validation
  • Fluid structure interaction
  • Cavitation
  • Dynamic phenomena
  • Fish Friendly hydraulic machines
  • Off design operation
  • Production flexibility
  • Low and very low head turbines
  • Variable speed operation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 5861 KiB  
Article
A Rationalised CFD Design Methodology for Turgo Turbines to Enable Local Manufacture in the Global South
by Joe Butchers, Shaun Benzon, Sam Williamson, Julian Booker and George Aggidis
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6250; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196250 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3018
Abstract
In the Global South, pico- and micro-hydropower turbines are often made by local workshops. Despite several advantageous features, e.g., a high power density and capacity to handle silt, there is no commonly available Turgo turbine design appropriate for local manufacture. Technological developments including [...] Read more.
In the Global South, pico- and micro-hydropower turbines are often made by local workshops. Despite several advantageous features, e.g., a high power density and capacity to handle silt, there is no commonly available Turgo turbine design appropriate for local manufacture. Technological developments including the internet, CAD, and additive manufacturing increase the opportunity to precisely transfer designs around the world. Consequently, design improvements can be shared digitally and used by manufacturers in their local context. In this paper, a rationalised CFD approach was used to guide simple design changes that improve the efficiency of a Turgo turbine blade. The typical manufacturing capacity of the micro-hydropower industry in Nepal was used to rationalise the variation of potential design changes. Using the geometry and operational parameters from an existing design as a benchmark, a two-blade, homogenous, multiphase model was developed and run using the commercial code ANSYS CFX. Initially, it was identified that the jet aim position had a significant effect on the efficiency. A design of experiments’ approach and subsequent analysis of numerical and visual results were used to make design changes that resulted in an improvement in efficiency from 69% to 81%. The design changes maintained the simple profile of the blade, ensuring that the resulting design was appropriate for manufacture in a local workshop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Generation of Hydraulic Machines)
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18 pages, 7059 KiB  
Article
Effects of Tip Clearance Size on Energy Performance and Pressure Fluctuation of a Tidal Propeller Turbine
by Bao Ngoc Tran, Haechang Jeong, Jun-Ho Kim, Jin-Soon Park and Changjo Yang
Energies 2020, 13(16), 4055; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164055 - 5 Aug 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3237
Abstract
Unavoidable tip clearance between blade tip and casing shroud plays an important role in the performance and characteristics of a tidal propeller turbine. In this work, the tip-leakage vortex (TLV) induced in the end-wall region was numerically illustrated by using the shear-stress transport [...] Read more.
Unavoidable tip clearance between blade tip and casing shroud plays an important role in the performance and characteristics of a tidal propeller turbine. In this work, the tip-leakage vortex (TLV) induced in the end-wall region was numerically illustrated by using the shear-stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model at various flow conditions and different tip-clearance sizes (TCSs). The swirling strength criterion was employed to visualize the tip-leakage vortex trajectory and investigate vortex evolution according to clearance size change. Although TLV occurs in both design and off-design conditions, vortex intensity develops strongly under excess flow rate with increased tip gap. The extreme influence of TCS on the turbine’s generated power and efficiency was predicted in steady simulations for four TCS cases, namely, δ = 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. With the extension of the tip gap, turbine performance was drastically reduced because of vigorous turbulent leakage flow combined with considerable volumetric loss. The effect of TCS on pressure fluctuation intensity were also explored on the basis of the transient simulation statistic. Maximal pressure variation amplitude and dominant frequency were presented in spectrum analysis utilizing fast Fourier transform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Generation of Hydraulic Machines)
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Graphical abstract

25 pages, 7002 KiB  
Article
Effect of Suction and Discharge Conditions on the Unsteady Flow Phenomena of Axial-Flow Reactor Coolant Pump
by Xin Chen, Shiyang Li, Dazhuan Wu, Shuai Yang and Peng Wu
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071592 - 1 Apr 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3809
Abstract
In order to study the effects of the suction and discharge conditions on the hydraulic performance and unsteady flow phenomena of an axial-flow reactor coolant pump (RCP), three RCP models with different suction and discharge configurations are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [...] Read more.
In order to study the effects of the suction and discharge conditions on the hydraulic performance and unsteady flow phenomena of an axial-flow reactor coolant pump (RCP), three RCP models with different suction and discharge configurations are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD results are validated by experimental data. The hydraulic performance of the three RCP models shows little difference. However, the unsteady flow phenomena of RCP are significantly affected by the variation of suction and discharge conditions. Compared with that of Model E-S (baseline, elbow-single nozzle), the pressure pulsation in rotating frame of Model S-S (straight pipe-single nozzle) and Model E-D (elbow-double nozzles) is weakened in different degrees and forms, due to the more uniform flow fields upstream and downstream of the impeller, respectively. It indicates that the generalized rotor-stator interaction (RSI) actually exists between the rotating impeller and all stationary components causing the circumferentially non-uniform flow. Furthermore, improving the circumferential uniformity of the flow upstream and downstream of impeller (suction and discharge flow) also contributes to reducing the radial dynamic fluid force acting on the impeller. Compared with those of Model E-S, the dynamic FX and FY of Model S-S are severely weakened, and those of Model E-D also gain a minor amplitude decrease at fBPF. In contrast, the general pressure pulsation in fixed frame is mainly related to the rotating impeller and barely affected by the suction and discharge conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Generation of Hydraulic Machines)
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