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Power Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic Power

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8916

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
Interests: wide bandgap semiconductors; power conversion; renewable systems; microgrids; power electronics; power electronics topologies; power electronics control; system modeling; reliability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Power Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic Power”.

As photovoltaics (PV) has matured, it has gone from being a minor perturbation on the electrical system to an integral part of it.  As such, it is no longer desirable for the development of PV to play the passive role of energy production that is has historically, but, instead, to provide innovative solutions for the next generation electrical grid.  As the penetration of PV increases both on the distribution and transmission system, new topologies, control schemes, and deployment strategies will be necessary to ensure the continued reliability and functionality of the electrical grid.

Innovations in power conversion for PV have been accelerating and include all areas of the power electronics value stream.  These solutions incorporate everything from advanced devices (e.g. size, weight, and power advanced through the use of wide bandgap semiconductors) to novel topologies (e.g. multi-stage direct medium voltage interconnection) to novel control schemes (e.g. grid forming inverters) to advanced system implementation (e.g. aggregation of deployed system, grid forming control).  For next generation PV to supplant conventional generation solutions from all aspects of this value stream will be necessary.

This Special Issue will deal with power conversion systems for PV. Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Topics will include, but not be limited to:

  • Power electronics for photovoltaics
    • Advanced devices
    • Size, weight, and power improvements
  • Power conversion topologies
    • Multi-stage topologies
    • High ratio conversion
    • Direct medium voltage interconnect
  • Power electronics control
    • Grid forming
    • Grid following
  • Grid integration for utility and distributed PV
  • PV system control
    • Aggregation
    • Virtual Power Plant
    • Primary, secondary, and tertiary reserve
  • PV system reliability
  • Protection of high PV penetration systems

Dr. Jack Flicker
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 11898 KiB  
Article
Automating Component-Level Stress Measurements for Inverter Reliability Estimation
by Jack Flicker, Jay Johnson, Peter Hacke and Ramanathan Thiagarajan
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4828; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134828 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1557
Abstract
In the near future, grid operators are expected to regularly use advanced distributed energy resource (DER) functions, defined in IEEE 1547-2018, to perform a range of grid-support operations. Many of these functions adjust the active and reactive power of the device through commanded [...] Read more.
In the near future, grid operators are expected to regularly use advanced distributed energy resource (DER) functions, defined in IEEE 1547-2018, to perform a range of grid-support operations. Many of these functions adjust the active and reactive power of the device through commanded or autonomous operating modes which induce new stresses on the power electronics components. In this work, an experimental and theoretical framework is introduced which couples laboratory-measured component stress with advanced inverter functionality and derives a reduction in useful lifetime based on an applicable reliability model. Multiple DER devices were instrumented to calculate the additional component stress under multiple reactive power setpoints to estimate associated DER lifetime reductions. A clear increase in switch loss was demonstrated as a function of irradiance level and power factor. This is replicated in the system-level efficiency measurements, although magnitudes were different—suggesting other loss mechanisms exist. Using an approximate Arrhenius thermal model for the switches, the experimental data indicate a lifetime reduction of 1.5% when operating the inverter at 0.85 PF—compared to unity PF—assuming the DER failure mechanism thermally driven within the H-bridge. If other failure mechanisms are discovered for a set of power electronics devices, this testing and calculation framework can easily be tailored to those failure mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic Power)
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17 pages, 16203 KiB  
Article
Design Procedure to Convert a Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm into a Loop Control System
by Moacyr A. G. de Brito, Victor A. Prado, Edson A. Batista, Marcos G. Alves and Carlos A. Canesin
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4550; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154550 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1937
Abstract
This paper presents a novel complete design procedure to convert a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm into a control system. The MPPT algorithm can be tuned by employing any control system design. In this paper, we adopted Bode diagrams using the criteria [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel complete design procedure to convert a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm into a control system. The MPPT algorithm can be tuned by employing any control system design. In this paper, we adopted Bode diagrams using the criteria of module and phase as the power electronics specialists are habituated with such concepts. The MPPT control transfer functions were derived using the average state equations and small-signal analysis. The control loops were derived for power and voltage control loops. The design procedure was applied to the well-known perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC) algorithms, returning the P&O based on PI and IC based on PI algorithms. Such algorithms were evaluated through simulation and experimental results. Additionally, we showed that the proposed design methodology can optimize energy harvesting, allowing algorithms to have outstanding tracking factors (above 99%) and adaptability characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic Power)
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13 pages, 27787 KiB  
Article
Study on the Integral Compensator Using Supercapacitor for Energy Harvesting in Low-Power Sections of Solar Energy
by So-Hyeon Jo, Joo Woo, Gi-Sig Byun, Jae-Hoon Jeong and Heon Jeong
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082262 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2122
Abstract
The risk of environmental pollution is a consequence of every kind of energy, including fossil fuels, nuclear power plants, and thermoelectric power plants. For the purpose of reducing the use ratio of such energy, research on eco-friendly energy is being actively carried out, [...] Read more.
The risk of environmental pollution is a consequence of every kind of energy, including fossil fuels, nuclear power plants, and thermoelectric power plants. For the purpose of reducing the use ratio of such energy, research on eco-friendly energy is being actively carried out, and has shown that among all kinds of energy, solar energy has an advantage: it can supply us with inexhaustible clean energy. However, since solar energy depends on sunlight, the output may be unstable as it is influenced by weather or surrounding structures. In this paper, there is presented a control system which transmits power to a storage device, in a specific state, after the energy of the low-illumination section is charged in a supercapacitor using the accumulation-type controller by use of a supercapacitor. Feedback from the power output of photovoltaic panels (PVs) demonstrates that the power of the low-illumination section can be charged without being discarded. The charging rate was compared with other solar controllers being sold on the market, and the comparison was made through state of charge (SOC) measurements after the battery had been charged by photovoltaic panels for a whole day. It was confirmed that the solar controller, by use of supercapacitor integrator proposed in this paper, stored higher levels of energy than the existing solar controllers over the same hours and under the same conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic Power)
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17 pages, 4300 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Design of a Multi-Port DC-DC Converter for Interfacing PV Systems
by Bader N. Alajmi, Mostafa I. Marei, Ibrahim Abdelsalam and Mohamed F. AlHajri
Energies 2021, 14(7), 1943; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071943 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2341
Abstract
A high-frequency multi-port (HFMP) direct current (DC) to DC converter is presented. The proposed HFMP is utilized to interface a photovoltaic (PV) system. The presented HFMP is compact and can perform maximum power point tracking. It consists of a high-frequency transformer with many [...] Read more.
A high-frequency multi-port (HFMP) direct current (DC) to DC converter is presented. The proposed HFMP is utilized to interface a photovoltaic (PV) system. The presented HFMP is compact and can perform maximum power point tracking. It consists of a high-frequency transformer with many identical input windings and one output winding. Each input winding is connected to a PV module through an H-bridge inverter, and the maximum PV power is tracked using the perturb and observe (P&O) technique. The output winding is connected to a DC bus through a rectifier. The detailed analysis and operation of the proposed HFMP DC-DC converter are presented. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted, using power system computer aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients including DC (EMTDC) software, to evaluate the operation and dynamic behavior of the proposed PV interfacing scheme. In addition, an experimental setup is built to verify the performance of the HFMP DC-DC converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic Power)
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