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Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Power Grid
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Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Power Grid

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 3783

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Susanna Mocci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
Interests: impact of renewable energy sources on power systems; planning and management tools for active distribution networks; operation and control of distribution networks; smart grids and innovative network schemes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

The global energy landscape is rapidly transforming, driven by the need to transition towards sustainable, low-carbon energy systems. This Special Issue focuses on the integration of renewable energy systems (RESs) into power grids, a crucial topic in achieving global energy and climate goals. As renewable energy sources increasingly dominate the energy mix, their integration into existing power grids presents technical, operational, and economic challenges.

The Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to key aspects of renewable energy integration and bring together diverse perspectives. It seeks to contribute to the global discussion on decarbonizing the power sector by advancing scientific knowledge and practical know-how. It is designed for academics, industry professionals, and policymakers aiming to foster the reliable and efficient incorporation of renewables into the grid.

Authors are encouraged to present original work, comparative studies, or interdisciplinary approaches that highlight the multifaceted challenges and solutions in this domain. By fostering a collaborative exchange of ideas, this Special Issue aspires to shape the next generation of sustainable energy systems, ensuring resilience and accessibility for future power grids.

This Special Issue invites cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews that address these complexities and explore innovative solutions.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Enabling technologies for the energy transition;
  • Grid stability and reliability;
  • Energy storage and flexibility;
  • Advanced control and management systems;
  • Grid modernization and digitalization;
  • Innovative network schemes;
  • Policy and economic analyses;
  • Case studies and real-world implementations.

Dr. Susanna Mocci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy integration
  • smart grids
  • grid stability
  • energy storage
  • demand-side flexibility

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2399 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Balancing Properties of Wind and Solar Photovoltaic System Production
by Riho Meister, Wahiba Yaïci, Reza Moezzi, Mohammad Gheibi, Külli Hovi and Andres Annuk
Energies 2025, 18(7), 1871; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071871 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 255
Abstract
This research evaluates how wind and solar PV systems balance together. Increasing the share of stochastic renewable energy production in electricity and hot turning reserve deficit are welcome compensation issues. This research used weather station data from an open seashore from the last [...] Read more.
This research evaluates how wind and solar PV systems balance together. Increasing the share of stochastic renewable energy production in electricity and hot turning reserve deficit are welcome compensation issues. This research used weather station data from an open seashore from the last 10 years, 2014–2023, on the Estonian island Saaremaa’s west coast to evaluate yearly fluctuations. We used the indicator demand cover factor to estimate the coincidence of wind generation and solar PV system electricity. For clarity, the initial data were prepared by assuming the equality of production and consumption annual data by scaling the obtained data. This study demonstrates that the best compensating possibilities are the share of wind generation and solar PV electricity mix, respectively, equal to 0.7/0.3 and 0.8/0.2, reaching a demand cover factor of 0.62. This study evaluated the demand cover factor’s dependence on increased production compared to consumption. This study used different batteries to research the influence of these demand cover factors. Furthermore, this research makes a significant contribution by showcasing how to turn weather station data into real wind generator and PV panel production data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Power Grid)
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26 pages, 7618 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Impact of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Integration into the Grid: A Case Study of the Western Transmission Network in the Democratic Republic of Congo
by Kevin Kiangebeni Lusimbakio, Tonton Boketsu Lokanga, Pierre Sedi Nzakuna, Vincenzo Paciello, Jean-Pierre Nzuru Nsekere and Obed Tshimanga Tshipata
Energies 2025, 18(3), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030639 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 2145
Abstract
Rising electricity demand and the need to reduce pollutant emissions highlight the importance of renewable energy, especially solar power. While most studies on photovoltaic (PV) integration focus on developed countries, least developed and developing countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) [...] Read more.
Rising electricity demand and the need to reduce pollutant emissions highlight the importance of renewable energy, especially solar power. While most studies on photovoltaic (PV) integration focus on developed countries, least developed and developing countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) face particular challenges due to fragile grid infrastructure. This work evaluates the technical and operational impacts of PV integration into the western grid of the DRC using DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2021 SP2 simulations. It examines penetration levels from 10% to 50% based on a 2012 MW baseline, and evaluates power losses, short-circuit ratios (SCRs), grid stability, harmonic distortions, and voltage oscillations. Results reveal that moderate penetration levels (10–20%) reduce active power losses by 25% while maintaining stability. However, above 30% penetration, critical challenges arise, including a drop of the SCR below the minimum recommended value of 3, prolonged voltage oscillations, and increased harmonic distortions, resulting from the reduced overall inertia of the grid following the increase in PV power from inverters without inertia. These findings emphasize the need for targeted solutions like Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), and harmonic filters. This work provides foundational insights for PV integration in fragile grids of LDCs and developing countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Power Grid)
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Review

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30 pages, 2585 KiB  
Review
The Role of Smart Grid Technologies in Urban and Sustainable Energy Planning
by Mohamed G. Moh Almihat and Josiah L. Munda
Energies 2025, 18(7), 1618; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071618 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 945
Abstract
Traditional centralized energy grids struggle to meet urban areas’ increasingly complex energy demands, necessitating the development of more sustainable and resilient energy solutions. Smart microgrids offer a decentralized approach that enhances energy efficiency, facilitates the integration of renewable energy sources, and improves urban [...] Read more.
Traditional centralized energy grids struggle to meet urban areas’ increasingly complex energy demands, necessitating the development of more sustainable and resilient energy solutions. Smart microgrids offer a decentralized approach that enhances energy efficiency, facilitates the integration of renewable energy sources, and improves urban resilience. This study follows a systematic review approach, analyzing the literature published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and industry reports between 2011 and 2025. The research draws from academic publications of energy institutions alongside regulatory reports, examining actual smart microgrid deployments in San Diego, Barcelona, and Seoul. Additionally, this article provides real-world case studies from New York and London, showcasing successful and unsuccessful smart microgrid deployments. The Brooklyn Microgrid in New York demonstrates peer-to-peer energy trading, while London faces regulations and funding challenges in its decentralized energy systems. The paper also explores economic and policy frameworks such as public–private partnerships (PPPs), localized energy markets, and standardized regulatory models to enable microgrid adoption at scale. While PPPs provide financial and infrastructural support for microgrid deployment, they also introduce stakeholder alignment and regulatory compliance complexities. Countries like Germany and India have successfully used PPPs for smart microgrid development, leveraging low-interest loans, government incentives, and regulatory mechanisms to encourage innovation and adoption of smart microgrid technologies. In addition, the review examines new trends like the utilization of AI and quantum computing to optimize energy, peer-to-peer energy trading, and climate resilient design before outlining a future research agenda focused on cybersecurity, decarbonization, and the inclusion of new technology. Contributions include the development of a modular and scalable microgrid framework, innovative hybrid storage systems, and a performance-based policy model suited to the urban environment. These contributions help to fill the gap between what is possible today and what is needed for future sustainable urban energy systems and create the foundation for resilient cities of the next century. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Power Grid)
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