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Combustion Characteristics of Cleaner Fuels 2022

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 September 2023) | Viewed by 6892

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Dr. Olawole Kuti

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Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M15GD, UK
Interests: renewable energy sources; alternative energy sources; combustion; gas turbines; hybrid systems; computational fluid dynamics
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Dear Colleagues,

In achieving a low or zero carbon economy, stringent emission regulations are being proposed by policy makers for automakers and power generation industries. With the recent COP 26 conference held in Glasgow, UK, it is expected that these regulations will become more stringent with time. In meeting up with the clean energy requirements in the transportation and power generation sectors there will still be prospects for combustion systems. Combustion systems such as the internal combustion engines can also be combined with electric drives for heavy duty applications in the transportation sector. In ensuring quality health and safer environment, cleaner fuels such as biofuels made from feedstocks such as agricultural residues, municipal wastes and used cooking oil are expected to play vital role in emission reductions in combustion systems. These feedstocks have high prospects in producing biofuel sustainably without competition with food production. Furthermore, hydrogen and ammonia (hydrogen carrier) also have huge prospects as zero carbon in the reduction of emissions in combustion systems.

The purpose of this special issue is to investigate and understand the performances and combustion characteristics of low and zero carbon fuels such as biofuels, hydrogen and ammonia in combustion systems like internal combustion engine and gas turbine.

Dr. Olawole Kuti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

internal combustion engine
gas turbine
low and zero carbon fuels
combustion characteristics of clean fuels

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Biodiesel Blending on Emission Characteristics of One-Cylinder Engine Using Waste Swine Oil

by Ramozon Khujamberdiev and Haengmuk Cho

Energies 2023, 16(14), 5489; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145489 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1074

Abstract

The influence of biodiesel blending on the emission parameters of a one-cylinder engine using waste swine oil was investigated in this research. This research focused on particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions at various engine speeds and biodiesel mixing percentages. According to the results, increasing the amount of biodiesel in diesel blends might result in considerable reductions in particulate matter emissions while potentially raising nitrogen oxide emissions due to biodiesel’s higher oxygen content. Engine speed considerably affects hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, with biodiesel mixes benefiting more at higher engine speeds. This study also discovered that when the amount of biodiesel in a fuel blend grows, so do carbon dioxide emissions, but brake thermal efficiency drops. These findings indicate that using waste swine oil biodiesel as a fuel source has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of engine emissions, and more study is needed to optimize biodiesel consumption and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion Characteristics of Cleaner Fuels 2022)

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26 pages, 2414 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Potential of the Synthetic Fuel Oxymethylene Ether (OME) for the Usage in a Single-Cylinder Non-Road Diesel Engine: Thermodynamics and Emissions

by Florian Zacherl, Christoph Wopper, Peter Schwanzer and Hans-Peter Rabl

Energies 2022, 15(21), 7932; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217932 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3050

Abstract

Non-road sectors, such as agriculture and construction machinery, require high energy densities and flexibility in use, which is why diesel engines are mainly used. The use of climate-neutral fuels, produced from renewable energies, such as Oxymethylene Ether (OME) as a diesel substitute, can [...] Read more.

_{2}

and pollutant emissions in these sectors. In addition to CO

_{2}

neutrality, OME also offers improved combustion characteristics compared to diesel fuel, eliminating the soot–NO

_{x}

trade-off and thus enabling new opportunities in engine design and calibration. In this paper, the combustion of pure OME on a close-to-production, single-cylinder non-road diesel engine with a pump–line–nozzle injection system is analyzed. A variation of the center of combustion at constant power output was performed for diesel and OME at different operating points. Two injectors were investigated with OME. A study on ignition delay and a detailed thermodynamic analysis was carried out. In addition, the exhaust emissions CO, NO

_{x}

V O C

, as well as particulate-matter, -number and -size distributions were measured. With OME, a significantly shorter ignition delay as well as a shortened combustion duration could be observed, despite a longer injection duration. In addition, the maximum injection pressure increases.

V O C

and CO emissions are reduced. Particulate matter was reduced by more than 99% and particle number (>10 nm) was reduced by multiple orders of magnitude. The median of the particle size distribution shifts from 60 to 85 nm (diesel) into a diameter range of sub 23 nm (OME). A significant reduction of NO

_{x}

emissions with OME enables new degrees of freedom in engine calibration and an efficiency advantage without hardware adaption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion Characteristics of Cleaner Fuels 2022)

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26 pages, 10474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical and Experimental Investigations on the Ignition Behavior of OME

by Frederik Wiesmann, Lukas Strauß, Sebastian Rieß, Julien Manin, Kevin Wan and Thomas Lauer

Energies 2022, 15(18), 6855; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186855 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2260

Abstract

On the path towards climate-neutral future mobility, the usage of synthetic fuels derived from renewable power sources, so-called e-fuels, will be necessary. Oxygenated e-fuels, which contain oxygen in their chemical structure, not only have the potential to realize a climate-neutral powertrain, but also to burn more cleanly in terms of soot formation. Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE or OMEs) are a frequently discussed representative of such combustibles. However, to operate compression ignition engines with these fuels achieving maximum efficiency and minimum emissions, the physical-chemical behavior of OMEs needs to be understood and quantified. Especially the detailed characterization of physical and chemical properties of the spray is of utmost importance for the optimization of the injection and the mixture formation process. The presented work aimed to develop a comprehensive CFD model to specify the differences between OMEs and dodecane, which served as a reference diesel-like fuel, with regards to spray atomization, mixing and auto-ignition for single- and multi-injection patterns. The simulation results were validated against experimental data from a high-temperature and high-pressure combustion vessel. The sprays’ liquid and vapor phase penetration were measured with Mie-scattering and schlieren-imaging as well as diffuse back illumination and Rayleigh-scattering for both fuels. To characterize the ignition process and the flame propagation, measurements of the OH* chemiluminescence of the flame were carried out. Significant differences in the ignition behavior between OMEs and dodecane could be identified in both experiments and CFD simulations. Liquid penetration as well as flame lift-off length are shown to be consistently longer for OMEs. Zones of high reaction activity differ substantially for the two fuels: Along the spray center axis for OMEs and at the shear boundary layers of fuel and ambient air for dodecane. Additionally, the transient behavior of high temperature reactions for OME is predicted to be much faster. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion Characteristics of Cleaner Fuels 2022)

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