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Energy Production from Biomass Wastes
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Energy Production from Biomass Wastes

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2023) | Viewed by 9482

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Artemio Carrillo-Parra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Silviculture and Wood Industry, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Juárez University of the State of Durango, 34100 Durango, Mexico
Interests: optimization of the products generated during processes of densification and thermal transformation of forest; agricultural and agro-industrial waste

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alterations in the environment due to global warming and consequently the health of the human being increase annually. Fossil fuels are considered to provide the most carbon dioxide, as it releases large amounts into the atmosphere when burned. To reduce these effects, alternative energies are viewed with special interest. Biomass can be one of the most versatile fuels, as it has net zero CO2 emissions, fewer SO2 emissions than fossil fuels. It is one of the most promising energy alternatives to tackle climate change.

Therefore, the Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Energy Production from Biomass Wastes”. The key topics focused on by industries, producers, and researchers of energy from biomass waste are the yield, energy consumed and generated as well as the quality of the products obtained during different processes.

We welcome high-quality and original works in these areas that have not been published. The selected proposed manuscripts will be subject to a careful peer review and editorial process.

Main lines:

  • Energy production of forest, agricultural and agro-industrial waste.
  • Energy efficiency in biomass densification and thermal conversion of biomass.
  • Quality of pellets and briquettes from different raw biomass and their mixtures.
  • Effects of some biomass properties and other production parameters on the quality of biofuels generated.
  • Effects of element composition of biofuels on burning and energy production.

Dr. Artemio Carrillo-Parra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solid biomass
  • proximate analysis
  • element composition
  • calorific value
  • waste
  • ash production

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Productivity and Characterization of Biomass Obtained from Pruning of Walnut Orchards in México
by Donaji Sierra-Zurita, Saúl Santana-Espinoza, Rigoberto Rosales-Serna, Julio César Ríos-Saucedo and Artemio Carrillo-Parra
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052243 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Walnut tree (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) is a plant species showing ecological, social, and economic importance in México. The objective was to determine biomass productivity and to characterize the raw material and biomass briquettes obtained from walnut thinning pruning. The variables [...] Read more.
Walnut tree (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) is a plant species showing ecological, social, and economic importance in México. The objective was to determine biomass productivity and to characterize the raw material and biomass briquettes obtained from walnut thinning pruning. The variables evaluated were tree total height (TH), fresh biomass (FB) and dry biomass (DB) per hectare (kg ha−1). Briquettes were made by using the biomass obtained in both orchards. Laboratory tests for original biomass included moisture content (MC), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC), as well as high heating value (HHV). Briquette studies also included diameter (D), weight (W), length (L), volume (V), density (Ds), and HHV. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. Thinning pruning in walnut orchards provides 12 kg tree−1 (998 kg ha−1) of dry biomass, with acceptable levels of AC ≤ 5%, FC (75 to 76%), VM (18.7 to 19.7%) and HHV (16.2 to 16.7 MJ kg−1). The briquette international quality standards were fulfilled: MC≤ 10%, AC ≤ 5% and HHV > 18 MJ kg−1. The integrated use of walnut residues reduces the management problems registered during nut production and the sustainable options to generate bioenergy will be expanded. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Production from Biomass Wastes)
12 pages, 1377 KiB  
Article
Yield and Bioenergy Quality of Maralfalfa Biomass Obtained at Different Plant Strata and Cutting Dates
by Rigoberto Rosales-Serna, Julio César Ríos-Saucedo, Jhessica Abigail Martínez-Galindo, Artemio Carrillo-Parra, Saúl Santana-Espinoza, Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo and Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez
Energies 2023, 16(1), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010448 - 31 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
One viable option for meeting global energy demand is the creation of biofuels from plant species that demonstrate high biomass productivity and good energy characteristics. In this study, growth was evaluated using plant height (PH), the production of green (GB) and dry biomass [...] Read more.
One viable option for meeting global energy demand is the creation of biofuels from plant species that demonstrate high biomass productivity and good energy characteristics. In this study, growth was evaluated using plant height (PH), the production of green (GB) and dry biomass (DB), and the energy quality of leaves, pods, and stems, considering apical and basal sections of maralfalfa plants at 28, 60, 90, and 140 days after applying a uniformity cut (AUC). The variables were analyzed with correlation tests and variance analyses (ANOVA) using a factorial array design; in addition, Tukey tests were performed. A steady increase in PH (72 to 239 cm) was found. The highest yield of stems was at 90 AUC (41,362 kg/ha) for GB and 140 days AUC (6331 kg/ha) for DB, and a high correlation was observed between PH and stem biomass production for both the GB (r = 0.91) and DB (r = 0.93). There was a strong correlation between higher heating value and DB from the apical stratum (r = 0.99) and the basal stratum (r = 0.97). Maralfalfa shows high biomass productivity and high energy production in short growth periods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Production from Biomass Wastes)
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22 pages, 5436 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico
by Juan García-Quezada, Ricardo Musule-Lagunes, José Angel Prieto-Ruíz, Daniel José Vega-Nieva and Artemio Carrillo-Parra
Energies 2023, 16(1), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010333 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2257
Abstract
Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal [...] Read more.
Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species. The selection of sites, kiln types, and species investigated was based on those with highest production in Mexico. Brazilian beehive kilns using Arbutus xalapensis, Quercus durifolia, and Quercus sideroxyla species were analyzed; modified Brazilian beehive kilns with Pithecellobium dulce and Tamarindus indica; Argentine half-orange kilns with Quercus magnoliifolia and Q. sideroxyla, industrial metal kilns with Brosimum alicastrum, Vitex gaumeri, Manilkara zapota, and Pouteria unilocularis. The process time, temperature, heating ramp, production yield, and quality of charcoal produced were determined. Data were analyzed in a completely random statistical design. The industrial type kilns showed the highest production yield (>35%), and the Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the longest carbonization time (>240 h). On the other hand, the modified Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the best energetic characteristics (>75% fixed carbon and <16% volatile material). A carbonization process with a slow heating ramp (<1 °C min−1) and temperatures of 500–600 °C can generate a charcoal with export quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Production from Biomass Wastes)
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18 pages, 7506 KiB  
Article
Sintering and Fusibility Risks of Pellet Ash from Different Sources at Different Combustion Temperatures
by Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo, Daniel José Vega-Nieva, Maginot Ngangyo Heya, José Angel Prieto-Ruíz, Cynthya Adriana Nava-Berúmen and Artemio Carrillo-Parra
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5026; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145026 - 9 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1985
Abstract
Pellets are solid biofuels with a combustion efficiency of 85–90%, low CO2 emissions and costs, great comfort and versatility. However, the ash generated during combustion can present sintering and fusibility, decreasing boiler efficiency and potentially malfunctioning. Ash composition indexes can be useful [...] Read more.
Pellets are solid biofuels with a combustion efficiency of 85–90%, low CO2 emissions and costs, great comfort and versatility. However, the ash generated during combustion can present sintering and fusibility, decreasing boiler efficiency and potentially malfunctioning. Ash composition indexes can be useful to predict observed ash sintering and fusion but require further analysis for a variety of feedstocks. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the mineral composition of pellet ash from 15 biomasses of forest and agro-industrial sources on observed pellet ash slagging using a laboratory test. The chemical composition of pellets and the indexes B, NaK/B, SiP/CaMg and SiPNaK/CaMg at 550 and 1000 °C were determined. Pearson correlation tests were also performed between cumulative percentages of slag at different sieve sizes. The concentrations of CaO ranged from 4.49 to 65.95%, MgO varied from 1.99 to 17.61%, and the SiO2 concentration was between 16.11 and 28.24% and 2.19–56.75% at 550 and 1000 °C, respectively. Pellets of forest origin presented a low risk of slag formation, while those from agro-industrial sources showed a high risk of slag formation. The index SiPNaK/CaMg showed the highest correlation (R2 > 0.75) to observed slagging using the BioSlag test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Production from Biomass Wastes)
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12 pages, 1399 KiB  
Article
Improving the Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Characteristics of Pine Sawdust by the Addition of up to 40% Agave durangensis Gentry Pellets
by Emmanuel Blancarte-Contreras, Sacramento Corral-Rivas, Tilo Gustavo Domínguez-Gómez, José Encarnación Lujan-Soto, José Rodolfo Goche-Télles and Eusebio Montiel-Antuna
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3711; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103711 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1438
Abstract
Agave durangensis Gentry biomass, as a residue from the mezcal production process, may be an interesting bioenergy alternative; however, its high ash content limits its application. In this study, pellets were generated with agave fiber mixed with Pinus species sawdust in the following [...] Read more.
Agave durangensis Gentry biomass, as a residue from the mezcal production process, may be an interesting bioenergy alternative; however, its high ash content limits its application. In this study, pellets were generated with agave fiber mixed with Pinus species sawdust in the following six proportions (%): 100–0 (control), 80–20, 60–40, 40–60, 20–80 and 0–100 (control). The physical, chemical and energetic properties of the pellets were evaluated according to the UNE-EN ISO 17225-6, UNE EN ISO 17827-2, UNE-EN ISO 17828, UNE-EN ISO 18122, UNE-EN ISO 18123, UNE-EN ISO 18125, and UNE-EN ISO 18134-1 standards. The results showed significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) among the treatments tested. The percentage of volatile material and fixed carbon ranged from 86.53 to 89.96% and 4.17 to 8.16%, respectively; the ash content ranged from 0.27 to 10.06%, and the calorific value ranged from 17.33 to 18.03 MJ/kg. Bulk density ranged from 725.76 to 737.37 kg/m3 and the impact-strength index was in the range of 69.33 to 126.66. The mechanical hardness and compressive strength were found to be in the ranges of 50.5 to 68.4% and 0.90 to 36.65 N/mm, respectively. Pellets generated with Agave residue mixture ≤ 40% were identified as promising biobased resources for the sustainable production of renewable energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Production from Biomass Wastes)
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