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Hydrogen Energy Technologies: Recent Advances in Production, Storage and Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 27852

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Interests: hydrogen energy; hydrogen storage materials; metal hydrides; complex hydrides; lithium ion battery
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Co-Guest Editor
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Interests: hydrogen storage; inorganic hydrides; ammonia; ammonolysis; electrolysis; magnesium hydride; amide-imide; chemical compressor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today’s fast growing and developing world is facing increased energy demand and needs alternative energy sources to fulfill it. This is the right time to switch from the traditional energy resources to the alternative and renewable energy sources which could reduce the emission of unwanted greenhouse gases and control the global warming problem. Hydrogen has been proposed as an efficient energy carrier, which is capable to replace fossil fuel-based energy infrastructure due to its cleanliness, unlimited supply, and higher energy content per unit mass. To adopt hydrogen as an energy carrier, several issues, including its clean production, storage, and efficient application, have been addressed during the last several decades. Continuous efforts are being carried out all over the world to make the hydrogen dream come true. This Special Issue will focus on the recent advancements in the field and invite researchers to submit their research articles focusing on the production, storage, and applications of hydrogen.

Prof. Ankur Jain
Prof. Takayuki Ichikawa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Hydrogen production
  • Bio hydrogen production
  • Catalytic hydrogen production
  • Thermochemical water splitting
  • Solar hydrogen
  • Metal hydrides
  • Complex hydrides
  • Chemical hydrides
  • Novel analytical and computational techniques for hydrogen storage
  • Hydrogen compressor
  • Hydrogen fuel cells
  • Hydrogen systems modeling

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

6 pages, 2857 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles
by Murat Peksen
Energies 2021, 14(16), 4892; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164892 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5230
Abstract
The popularity of climate neutral new energy vehicles for reduced emissions and improved air quality has been raising great attention for many years. World-wide, a strong commitment continues to drive the demand for zero-emission through alternative energy sources and propulsion systems. Despite the [...] Read more.
The popularity of climate neutral new energy vehicles for reduced emissions and improved air quality has been raising great attention for many years. World-wide, a strong commitment continues to drive the demand for zero-emission through alternative energy sources and propulsion systems. Despite the fact that 71.27% of hydrogen is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is a promising clean way to contribute to and maintain a climate neutral ecosystem. Thereby, reaching CO2 targets for 2030 and beyond requires cross-sectoral changes. However, the strong motivation of governments for climate neutrality is challenging many sectors. One of them is the transport sector, as it is challenged to find viable all-in solutions that satisfy social, economic, and sustainable requirements. Currently, the use of new energy vehicles operating on green sustainable hydrogen technologies, such as batteries or fuel cells, has been the focus for reducing the mobility induced emissions. In Europe, 50% of the total emissions result from mobility. The following article reviews the background, ongoing challenges and potentials of new energy vehicles towards the development of an environmentally friendly hydrogen economy. A change management process mindset has been adapted to discuss the key scientific and commercial challenges for a successful transition. Full article
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19 pages, 1870 KiB  
Article
Studies of the Impact of Hydrogen on the Stability of Gaseous Mixtures of THT
by Anna Huszal and Jacek Jaworski
Energies 2020, 13(23), 6441; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236441 - 5 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3087
Abstract
One of the most important requirements concerning the quality of natural gases, guaranteeing their safe use, involves providing the proper level of their odorization. This allows for the detection of uncontrolled leakages of gases from gas networks, installations and devices. The concentration of [...] Read more.
One of the most important requirements concerning the quality of natural gases, guaranteeing their safe use, involves providing the proper level of their odorization. This allows for the detection of uncontrolled leakages of gases from gas networks, installations and devices. The concentration of an odorant should be adjusted in such a manner that the gas odor in a mixture with air would be noticeable by users (gas receivers). A permanent odor of gas is guaranteed by the stability of the odorant molecule and its resistance to changes in the composition of odorized gases. The article presents the results of experimental research on the impact of a hydrogen additive on the stability of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) mixtures in methane and in natural gas with a hydrogen additive. The objective of the work was to determine the readiness of measurement infrastructures routinely used in monitoring the process of odorizing natural gas for potential changes in its composition. One of the elements of this infrastructure includes the reference mixtures of THT, used to verify the correctness of the readings of measurement devices. The performed experimental tests address possible changes in the composition of gases supplied via a distribution network, resulting from the introduction of hydrogen. The lack of interaction between hydrogen and THT has been verified indirectly by assessing the stability of its mixtures with methane and natural gas containing hydrogen. The results of the presented tests permitted the identification of potential hazards for the safe use of gas from a distribution network, resulting from changes in its composition caused by the addition of hydrogen. Full article
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9 pages, 2204 KiB  
Article
Surface-Controlled Conversion of Ammonia Borane from Boron Nitride
by Tessui Nakagawa, Hiroki Uesato, Anthony K. Burrell, Takayuki Ichikawa, Hiroki Miyaoka, Benjamin L. Davis and Yoshitsugu Kojima
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5569; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215569 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
“One-pot regeneration”, which is simple regneneration method of ammonia borane (AB) using hydrazine and liquid ammonia, enables conversion of AB from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) after milling hydrogenation. Solution 11B-NMR revealed the presence of AB after NH3/N2H4 [...] Read more.
“One-pot regeneration”, which is simple regneneration method of ammonia borane (AB) using hydrazine and liquid ammonia, enables conversion of AB from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) after milling hydrogenation. Solution 11B-NMR revealed the presence of AB after NH3/N2H4 treatment of milled h-BN (BNHx) although the yield of AB was less than 5%. The conversion mechanism was clarified as B-H bonds on the h-BN surface created by ball-milling under hydrogen pressure have an ability to form AB, which was confirmed by Thermogravimetry-Residual Gas Analysis (TG-RGA) and Infrared (IR) analysis. The reaction routes are also the same as regeneration route of polyborazylene because intermediates of AB such as (B(NH2)3 and hydrazine borane were found by solution 11B-NMR after soaking BNHx in liquid NH3 and hydrazine, respectively. Because of the fact that all reactions proceed on the h-BN surface and no reaction proceeds when neat h-BN is treated, breaking of B3N3 ring structure and then creation of B-H bond is the key issue to increase conversion yield of AB. Full article
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12 pages, 2343 KiB  
Article
Critical Temperature and Pressure Conditions of Degradation during Thermochemical Hydrogen Compression: A Case Study of V-Based Hydrogen Storage Alloy
by Fangqin Guo, Ankur Jain, Hiroki Miyaoka, Yoshitsugu Kojima and Takayuki Ichikawa
Energies 2020, 13(9), 2324; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092324 - 7 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2996
Abstract
Disproportionation and phase separation are big issues that occur under extreme pressure and temperature conditions during hydrogen compressor cycles, which makes metal hydrides inactive and reduces compression efficiency. It is important to identify boundary conditions to avoid such unwanted phase separation. However, no [...] Read more.
Disproportionation and phase separation are big issues that occur under extreme pressure and temperature conditions during hydrogen compressor cycles, which makes metal hydrides inactive and reduces compression efficiency. It is important to identify boundary conditions to avoid such unwanted phase separation. However, no investigation related to this problem has been carried out so far. Thus we propose a method to investigate the critical temperature and pressure condition for the alloy degradation during the hydrogen compressor cycle. The V20Ti32Cr48 alloy was chosen as a model system for the purpose. The influence of two important parameters (i.e., hydrogen content and temperature) was investigated individually. The disproportionation of V20Ti32Cr48 alloy during the hydrogen compressor cycle test occurred at temperatures higher than 200 °C and 75% H2 content of the total capacity at the initial condition. A clear and obvious boundary condition between disproportionation and keeping the initial phase intact is defined herein. It can be treated as a general method for any hydrogen storage alloy to be utilized for hydrogen compressor efficiently and safely. Full article
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15 pages, 3602 KiB  
Article
Simulation Study to Investigate the Effects of Operational Conditions on Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen Production
by Muhammad Haris Hamayun, Ibrahim M. Maafa, Murid Hussain and Rabya Aslam
Energies 2020, 13(1), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010206 - 1 Jan 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6584
Abstract
In the recent era, hydrogen has gained immense consideration as a clean-energy carrier. Its storage is, however, still the main hurdle in the implementation of a hydrogen-based clean economy. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are a potential option for hydrogen storage in ambient [...] Read more.
In the recent era, hydrogen has gained immense consideration as a clean-energy carrier. Its storage is, however, still the main hurdle in the implementation of a hydrogen-based clean economy. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are a potential option for hydrogen storage in ambient conditions, and can contribute to the clean-fuel concept in the future. In the present work, a parametric and simulation study was carried out for the storage and release of hydrogen for the methylcyclohexane toluene system. In particular, the methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction is investigated over six potential catalysts for the temperature range of 300–450 °C and a pressure range of 1–3 bar to select the best catalyst under optimum operating conditions. Moreover, the effects of hydrogen addition in the feed mixture, and byproduct yield, are also studied as functions of operating conditions. The best catalyst selected for the process is 1 wt. % Pt/γ-Al2O3. The optimum operating conditions selected for the dehydrogenation process are 360 °C and 1.8 bar. Hydrogen addition in the feed reduces the percentage of methylcyclohexane conversion but is required to enhance the catalyst’s stability. Aspen HYSYS v. 9.0 (AspenTech, Lahore, Pakistan) has been used to carry out the simulation study. Full article
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15 pages, 2546 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Optimization of CO2-to-Methanol with Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer
by Hanfei Zhang, Ligang Wang, Jan Van herle, François Maréchal and Umberto Desideri
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3742; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193742 - 30 Sep 2019
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 6124
Abstract
Carbon capture and utilization are promising to tackle fossil-fuel depletion and climate change. CO2 hydrogenation can synthesize various chemicals and fuels, such as methanol, formic acid, urea, and methane. CO2-to-methanol integrated with solid-oxide electrolysis (SOE) process can store renewable power [...] Read more.
Carbon capture and utilization are promising to tackle fossil-fuel depletion and climate change. CO2 hydrogenation can synthesize various chemicals and fuels, such as methanol, formic acid, urea, and methane. CO2-to-methanol integrated with solid-oxide electrolysis (SOE) process can store renewable power in methanol while recycling recovered CO2, thus achieving the dual purposes of storing excess renewable power and reducing lifetime CO2 emissions. This paper focuses on the techno-economic optimization of CO2 hydrogenation to synthesize green methanol integrated with solid-oxide electrolysis process. Process integration, techno-economic evaluation, and multi-objective optimization are carried out for a case study. Results show that there is a trade-off between energy efficiency and methanol production cost. The annual yield of methanol of the studied case is 100 kton with a purity of 99.7%wt with annual CO2 utilization of 150 kton, representing the annual storage capacity of 800 GWh renewable energy. Although the system efficiency is rather high at around at 70% and varies within a narrow range, methanol production cost reaches 560 $/ton for an electricity price of 73.16 $/MWh, being economically infeasible with a payback time over 13 years. When the electricity price is reduced to 47 $/MWh and further to 24 $/MWh, the methanol production cost becomes 365 and 172 $/ton with an attractive payback time of 4.6 and 2.8 years, respectively. The electricity price has significant impact on project implementation. The electricity price is different in each country, leading to a difference of the payback time in different locations. Full article
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