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Fishes
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Effects of Dietary Nutrient Levels on Aquatic Animals
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Effects of Dietary Nutrient Levels on Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Feeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2023) | Viewed by 4434

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jianan Xian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
Interests: crustacean; fish; feeds; aquaculture nutrition; functional feed additives; immunity; disease resistance; environmental stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hui Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
Interests: crustacean; fish; immunity; environmental pollutants; feeds; physiological ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The lack and excess of nutrition will have adverse effects on the growth and health of aquatic animals. Reasonable feed nutrition level can promote the growth of aquatic animals, and make them obtain strong immunity and disease resistance. On the other hand, feed accounts for a large proportion of production costs in the process of aquaculture. High-quality feed can obtain a better feed conversion rate and reduce breeding costs, while reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. This Special Issue welcomes articles on topics involving aquatic animal nutrition and feed, including nutritional requirements, nutritional metabolism, nutrition and immunity, nutrition and environment, and development of new feed ingredients.

Dr. Jianan Xian
Dr. Hui Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquatic animals
  • nutrition
  • feeds

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1663 KiB  
Article
How Do Different Dietary Carbohydrate/Lipid Ratios Influence Intestinal Morphology and Glycolipid Metabolism Capacity in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)
by Xuanyi Yang, Xinwei Guo, Xiaohui Dong, Qihui Yang, Hongyu Liu, Shuang Zhang, Beiping Tan and Shuyan Chi
Fishes 2023, 8(9), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090467 - 19 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1071
Abstract
Levels of dietary carbohydrates and lipids have important effects on the growth, health, and glycolipid metabolizing capacity of the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). This experiment evaluated the effect of carbohydrate to lipid ratios (CHO:L ratio) on growth, [...] Read more.
Levels of dietary carbohydrates and lipids have important effects on the growth, health, and glycolipid metabolizing capacity of the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). This experiment evaluated the effect of carbohydrate to lipid ratios (CHO:L ratio) on growth, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology and activity of digestive enzymes, and the ability to metabolize carbohydrates and lipids in the hybrid grouper. Six iso-nitrogenous (500 g/kg) and iso-energetic (190 MJ/kg) feeds with CHO:L ratios of 0.82, 1.03, 1.28, 1.58, 1.94, and 2.27 were formulated. The 720 groupers with an initial body weight of 7.76 ± 0.08 g were sorted into 24 fiberglass buckets of 30 fish each. Feed was delivered twice daily at 8:00 and 16:00 to apparent satiety for 56 days. The results showed that the growth performance of the groupers was not significantly affected by the diet. Based on the specific growth rate (SGR), the optimal CHO:L ratio was 1.72 for the groupers by the second-order polynomial regression model. The intestinal trypsin and lipase, and the hepatic trypsin activities of the groupers showed a maximum in the 1.58 group. The intestinal muscle thickness in the 1.94 group and the villus length in the 1.58 group were significantly greater than in the 0.82, 1.03, 1.28, and 2.27 groups. The glycogen synthase, pyruvate kinase, and hexokinase activities of the liver were significantly higher in the 1.58 group than in the 0.82 and 2.27 groups. The hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase of the liver showed significantly higher activities in the 1.58 group than those in the 0.82 and 1.03 groups. These results showed that based on the SGR of the groupers, the best CHO:L ratio was 1.72. An appropriate dietary CHO:L ratio can reduce the lipid deposition of the fish body, liver, and muscle, as well as improve the intestinal morphology and activities of liver carbohydrate and lipid metabolism enzymes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Dietary Nutrient Levels on Aquatic Animals)
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19 pages, 9103 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Three Protein Sources Used in Medium-Sized Litopenaeus vannamei: Effects on Growth, Immunity, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Microbiota Structure
by Hang Yuan, Naijie Hu, Yudong Zheng, Cuihong Hou, Beiping Tan, Lili Shi and Shuang Zhang
Fishes 2023, 8(9), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090449 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
The type of protein source in diets has many effects on shrimp. In this study, Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of 3.68 ± 0.002 g were fed for 8 weeks on three experimental diets (isoproteic: 41.00%; isolipidic: 7.61%) that were formulated [...] Read more.
The type of protein source in diets has many effects on shrimp. In this study, Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of 3.68 ± 0.002 g were fed for 8 weeks on three experimental diets (isoproteic: 41.00%; isolipidic: 7.61%) that were formulated using fish meal (FM), Chlorella sorokiniana (CHL), and Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) as the primary protein sources, respectively. This study examined the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal digestion, and microbiota of L. vannamei after the feeding experiment concluded. Compared to the FM group, the findings indicate that the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei were notably enhanced via dietary CAP. The CHL group exhibited the highest levels of catalase (CAT), phenoloxidase (PO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gills of L. vannamei, whereas the FM group had the lowest levels. Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed the opposite trend. Both dietary CHL and CAP promoted the digestive enzyme activities of L. vannamei, with dietary CAP having a more pronounced promotional effect. An analysis of alpha diversity indicated that the consumption of dietary CHL substantially enhanced the abundance and diversity of microbiota in the intestinal tract of L. vannamei. Furthermore, the dietary CHL significantly increased the colonization of immune-associated beneficial bacteria and inhibited the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of L. vannamei, whereas dietary CAP mainly increased the colonization of growth-associated beneficial bacteria. Functional predictions showed that different dietary protein sources affect various metabolic activities and signaling pathways of L. vannamei, and some functions, including signal transduction, cell motility, and the immune system, were significantly enhanced in the CHL group. In summary, both dietary CHL and dietary CAP promoted growth and immunity in L. vannamei compared to dietary FM. The results of this study could be helpful for the sustainable development of shrimp farming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Dietary Nutrient Levels on Aquatic Animals)
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19 pages, 1707 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Replacing Fish Meal Protein with Black Soldier Fly Meal and Sodium Butyrate Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Intestinal Villi Status of Jade Perch, Scortum barcoo Fingerlings
by Jen-Hong Chu, Tsung-Sheng Weng and Tzu-Wei Huang
Fishes 2023, 8(9), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090437 - 26 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1389
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different protein sources and butyric acid contents in aquafeed on the growth, survival rate, lipid peroxidation enzymes, and intestinal villi of 7.3 g jade perch, Scortum barcoo. The experimental treatment groups were the whole fish meal [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of different protein sources and butyric acid contents in aquafeed on the growth, survival rate, lipid peroxidation enzymes, and intestinal villi of 7.3 g jade perch, Scortum barcoo. The experimental treatment groups were the whole fish meal protein (FM) group, the FM + butyric acid (FMB) group, the 50% fish meal protein and 50% black soldier fly meal protein (FBM) group, the FBM + butyric acid (FBMB) group, the whole black soldier fly meal protein (BM) group, and the BM + butyric acid (BMB) group. The experimental results showed that the jade perch fed with the FMB feed had a significantly higher weight gain rate and antioxidant enzyme activity than the other treatment groups. The red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit contents in the blood of jade perch were not affected by the protein source, but they increased with the addition of butyric acid. The intestinal villi length of the jade perch that were fed diets containing butyric acid were significantly higher than that of the jade perch that were fed diets without butyric acid supplementation. The results of this study show that the addition of butyric acid to a balanced feed composed of protein can contribute to the growth of jade perch. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Dietary Nutrient Levels on Aquatic Animals)
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