Plant Toxins and Food Safety

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 540

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
Interests: food safety and related environmental outbreaks; food and feed analysis; water analysis; mycotoxins; plant toxins (THC and cannabinoids, alkaloyds); marine biotoxins; bacterial toxins; food supplements; process contaminants (dioxins and PCBs, PAHs, heavy metals, PFAS); endocrine disruptor chemicals (bisphenols, alkylphenols); food additives; pesticides and phytochemicals; liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (high and low resolution)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant toxins and mycotoxins can cause serious threats to both humans and livestock. These toxins produced by plants and microorganisms can enter the food chain in several ways. Their presence in raw food as well as in a large panel of commodities (from cereals to fruit, baby food, honey, tomato juice, milk, meat, botanicals, and supplements) requires to obtain more information about their diffusion and risk assessment for consumers because some of these toxins are extremely potent and cause acute poisoning ranging from allergic reactions to death. Long-term health consequences include effects on the immune, reproductive, or nervous systems, as well as cancer. In particular, for plant toxins and mycotoxins, the European Commission issued new legislation and monitoring plans to delve deeper into this topic and ensure consumer health protection.

Plant toxins belong to a large number of chemical classes. Their production depends on several factors, and climate change also plays a crucial role. The most relevant plant toxins studied are tropane alkaloids, ergot alkaloids, hydrocyanic acid and cyanogenic glycosides, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, opium alkaloids, Δ9-THC, and cannabinoids, but other emerging compounds are known. This Special Issue aims to focus on the presence of plant toxins and mycotoxins in food, botanicals, herbs, and supplements. Manuscript contributions about this topic will include study cases regarding food and outbreak management; advanced/hyphenated test methods in food; monitoring activity and actions to prevent food contamination/intoxication outbreaks; risk assessment for consumers; and relationships between food contamination and climate change.

Dr. Pasquale Gallo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • plant toxins
  • mycotoxins
  • alkaloids
  • food safety
  • risk assessment
  • tropane alkaloids
  • ergot alkaloids
  • hydrocyanic acid and cyanogenic glycosides
  • pyrrolizidine alkaloids
  • opium alkaloids
  • delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabinoids
  • mycotoxins

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2658 KiB  
Article
UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Hydroxyanthracene Derivatives in Botanical Food Products and Supplements: Surveillance of the Italian Market
by Mariantonietta Peloso, Alessandro Capriotti, Damiano Accurso, Elena Butovskaya, Giorgio Fedrizzi and Elisabetta Caprai
Foods 2025, 14(7), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071229 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 228
Abstract
Hydroxyanthracene derivatives (HADs) are natural compounds that occur in several botanical species belonging to the genera Aloe L., Cassia L., Rheum L., Frangula Mill., and Rhamnus L. While they are widely used for their laxative effects, concerns persist about their potential genotoxicity and [...] Read more.
Hydroxyanthracene derivatives (HADs) are natural compounds that occur in several botanical species belonging to the genera Aloe L., Cassia L., Rheum L., Frangula Mill., and Rhamnus L. While they are widely used for their laxative effects, concerns persist about their potential genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. This study presents the development, validation, and application of a sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method to detect HAD (aloins, aloe-emodin, emodin, and danthron) levels in botanical food products and supplements. The method was validated according to criteria established by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins and Plant Toxins, and Regulation (EU) No 2783/2023 and was demonstrated to be fit-for-purpose. It was applied to 43 samples collected from the Italian market, including beverages, liquid and solid food supplements, herbal infusions, and jam based on aloe, senna, cassia, rhubarb, and frangula. The results revealed that 33% of the analyzed samples contained detectable HAD concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.5 mg/kg). The highest concentrations, up to 1352.9 mg/kg for the sum of aloin A and B, were found in solid food supplements derived from senna, cascara, rhubarb, and frangula. Aloe-emodin reached 213.4 mg/kg in a solid food supplement sample containing the same plant species, while the maximum detected concentration of emodin was 259.7 mg/kg in a senna-based supplement. No sample contained danthron. Conversely, in the majority of aloe beverage samples, HAD levels were found to be below the LOQ. In order to ensure the safety of consumers, it is essential that a more rigorous market surveillance of botanical food products is implemented, along with further toxicological studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Toxins and Food Safety)
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