Healthcare

Research

14 pages, 663 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Threats to the Dignity of People with Advanced Illness Who Are Treated in Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study

by Alba Fernández-Férez, Ousmane Berthe-Kone, Gonzalo Granero-Heredia, Matías Correa-Casado, María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte, Álvaro Martínez-Bordajandi and José Granero-Molina

Healthcare 2024, 12(24), 2581; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242581 - 22 Dec 2024

Viewed by 216

Abstract

Background: Dignity is a key element in end-of-life care. Patients with advanced illness attend the emergency department to seek symptom relief but may find their dignity under threat in these services. Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the threats to [...] Read more.

Background: Dignity is a key element in end-of-life care. Patients with advanced illness attend the emergency department to seek symptom relief but may find their dignity under threat in these services. Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the threats to dignity perceived by people with advanced illnesses who are treated in emergency departments. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was designed for which 18 patients with advanced illnesses were interviewed after being seen in an emergency department. The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects. Results: Two themes were developed from the data analysis that shed light on how patients with advanced illnesses perceive threats to their dignity when seen in emergency departments: (1) “when care focused on diagnosis and treatment limits the dignity of the patient with advanced illness” and (2) “the social dimension of dignity in people with advanced illness in emergency departments”. Conclusions: We conclude that the structural, organizational, and care characteristics of emergency departments may pose a threat to the dignity of people with advanced illnesses who attend the emergency department. Family members, professionals, and other patients can both guarantee and threaten the dignity of people with advanced illnesses when they are treated in emergency departments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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16 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Learning Through a Service Learning Programme with Older Adults Living in Poverty in a High-Income Country: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

by Cristina Guerra-Marmolejo, Wladimir Morante-García, Ousmane Berthe-Kone, Anabel Chica-Pérez, Iria Dobarrio-Sanz, José Granero-Molina and Ana Belén Ortega-Avila

Healthcare 2024, 12(24), 2493; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242493 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 420

Abstract

Background: Living in poverty negatively affects the biopsychosocial health of older adults. Nursing students need to develop competence to promote health and self-care behaviours amongst older adults living in poverty in high-income countries. Aim: To explore nursing students’ perceptions of a service learning [...] Read more.

Background: Living in poverty negatively affects the biopsychosocial health of older adults. Nursing students need to develop competence to promote health and self-care behaviours amongst older adults living in poverty in high-income countries. Aim: To explore nursing students’ perceptions of a service learning programme aimed at promoting health and self-care among older adults living in poverty in a high-income country. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 37 nursing students recruited from a university in Southeastern Spain. Participants completed a service learning programme in which they conducted preventive home visits to older adults living in poverty. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Three key themes were developed: (1) service learning as a different way of learning, (2) as an active learning approach to bridge the theory–practice gap, and (3) to provide insight into an unknown side of nursing. Conclusions: By providing opportunities for active, experiential learning in real-world contexts, service learning was perceived by the nursing students as a methodology that helps to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Participating in a service learning programme with older adults living in poverty not only fosters emotional engagement, reflective practice, and the development of essential non-technical skills in nursing students, but it also prepares them to advocate for older adults living in poverty in a high-income country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

11 pages, 290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Telecare Programme in the Postoperative Follow-Up of Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study

by María de los Ángeles Maqueda-Martínez, Manuel Ferrer-Márquez, Manuel García-Redondo, Francisco Rubio-Gil, Ángel Reina-Duarte, José Granero-Molina, Matías Correa-Casado and Anabel Chica-Pérez

Healthcare 2024, 12(23), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232448 - 5 Dec 2024

Viewed by 440

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a growing public health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for achieving sustained weight reduction when more conservative treatments have failed. This study evaluates the impact of a nurse-led telecare [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a growing public health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for achieving sustained weight reduction when more conservative treatments have failed. This study evaluates the impact of a nurse-led telecare follow-up programme in the immediate postoperative period for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in two hospitals in southern Spain. We included 161 patients who met the inclusion criteria: a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m² or a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² with associated comorbidities, and the failure of non-surgical treatments. Patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group (IG), which received follow-up telephone calls from a specialised nurse during the first 30 days post-surgery, and the control group (CG), which received standard care. The nurse, who was available 24 h a day, answered questions and dealt with queries over the phone or referred patients to the emergency department if necessary. Several variables were recorded, including the number of telephone consultations, reasons for consultation, number of emergency visits, readmissions, and surgical reinterventions. Results and Conclusions: The IG showed a significant reduction in ED visits (4.9% vs. 30% in CG), and consultations were mainly related to diet and drainage. The nurse telecare intervention significantly improved postoperative recovery by reducing complications and optimising the safety and quality of postoperative care. These results reinforce the importance of personalised follow-up in improving clinical outcomes in bariatric patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

14 pages, 515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comfort Care Needs of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Survivors: Lived Experience

by Lúcia Bacalhau and Patrícia Pontífice-Sousa

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2217; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222217 - 6 Nov 2024

Viewed by 560

Abstract

Introduction: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) and, consequently, the chronicity associated with this life event have a growing prevalence and a significant impact on the life and daily life of each person who experiences it. It is necessary to reflect on the care [...] Read more.

Introduction: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) and, consequently, the chronicity associated with this life event have a growing prevalence and a significant impact on the life and daily life of each person who experiences it. It is necessary to reflect on the care needs of this group of vulnerable people. Comfort is a concern, and its improvement is a desired outcome of healthcare. To achieve this, it is necessary to know the needs of the people who are the focus of care. Aim: This paper aims to understand the needs of comfort care in the lived experience of comfort for survivors of ASCT. Methodology: Qualitative approach using van Manen’s phenomenology of practice. We uncovered the phenomenon through phenomenological interviews, which integrated narratives and illustrative episodes that reflected the lived experience of 20 survivors. Participants in the study were people who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, who were monitored on an outpatient basis and who met the following conditions: (i) were over 18 years old; (ii) had undergone SCT at least 3 months previously; (iii) had no evidence of disease relapse; (iv) were able to express themselves verbally, providing information relevant to the study, as well as expressing emotions and feelings. Descriptions of lived experiences were collected from participants between July 2020 and May 2021. In the phenomenological reflection on the lived descriptions, we followed the “stages” epoché, reduction, and vocative. Results: The following themes emerged from the ASCT survivor’s lived experience of comfort related to comfort care needs: continuous follow-up, reference nurse, information, assistance in adapting to the new self, mental health intervention, spiritual support, adaptation to changes in sexuality, physical rehabilitation, and job reintegration. Conclusion: This study reveals the importance of continuous follow-up for ASCT survivors. Survivors experience major changes in their lives in the long term and require a response from health professionals to find comfort in their daily lives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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20 pages, 291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences of Second-Grade Primary School Children and Their Teachers in a Mind–Body Activity Program: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

by Yaiza Lopez-Sierra, Sara Trapero-Asenjo, Isabel Rodríguez-Costa, Gonzalo Granero-Heredia, Yolanda Pérez-Martin and Susana Nunez-Nagy

Healthcare 2024, 12(20), 2095; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12202095 - 21 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1118

Abstract

Objectives: This study explored the experiences of second-grade children and their teachers who participated in a mind–body program to understand its impact on their development. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Student data were collected through seven focus groups, and semi-structured interviews [...] Read more.

Objectives: This study explored the experiences of second-grade children and their teachers who participated in a mind–body program to understand its impact on their development. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Student data were collected through seven focus groups, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with tutors in December 2021. Data analysis was performed following COREQ guidelines. Results: Three themes were generated: (1) competitiveness and restlessness in children: something needs to be done; (2) seeds sown and fruits harvested; and (3) it is necessary to advance from the occasional to the structural. Participants reported positive changes in areas of their development such as self-regulation, relaxation, attention capacity, and stress reduction. Improvements in interpersonal relationships and social skills were also observed. Conclusions: These improvements in emotional well-being and social skills highlight the importance of this type of intervention in the school environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

18 pages, 2013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Radiologists’ Views on the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology (ATRAI-14)

by Yuriy A. Vasilev, Anton V. Vladzymyrskyy, Yulya A. Alymova, Dina A. Akhmedzyanova, Ivan A. Blokhin, Maria O. Romanenko, Seal R. Seradzhi, Maria M. Suchilova, Yuliya F. Shumskaya and Roman V. Reshetnikov

Healthcare 2024, 12(19), 2011; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12192011 - 9 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1003

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming an essential part of modern radiology. However, available evidence highlights issues in the real-world applicability of AI tools and mixed radiologists’ acceptance. We aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the attitude of radiologists [...] Read more.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming an essential part of modern radiology. However, available evidence highlights issues in the real-world applicability of AI tools and mixed radiologists’ acceptance. We aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the attitude of radiologists toward radiology AI (ATRAI-14). Materials and Methods: We generated items based on the European Society of Radiology questionnaire. Item reduction yielded 23 items, 12 of which contribute to scoring. The items were allocated into four domains (“Familiarity”, “Trust”, “Implementation Perspective”, and “Hopes and Fears”) and a part related to the respondent’s demographics and professional background. As a pre-test method, we conducted cognitive interviews with 20 radiologists. Pilot testing with reliability and validity assessment was carried out on a representative sample of 90 respondents. Construct validity was assessed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: CFA confirmed the feasibility of four domains structure. ATRAI-14 demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.78 95%CI [0.68, 0.83]), good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.89, 95% CI [0.67, 0.96], p-value < 0.05), and acceptable criterion validity (Spearman’s rho 0.73, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The questionnaire is useful for providing detailed AI acceptance measurements for making management decisions when implementing AI in radiology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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11 pages, 1400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Physical Activity on Mental Hyperactivity, Sleep Quality, and Bodily Pain in Higher Education Students—A Structural Equation Model

by Rubén Fernández-García, Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez, José Manuel Hernández-Padilla and José Manuel Alonso-Vargas

Healthcare 2024, 12(18), 1841; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181841 - 13 Sep 2024

Viewed by 901

Abstract

The university population is at a vital stage of human development for acquiring an active lifestyle. Following this lifestyle will bring benefits in adulthood. This study seeks to analyse the relationship between physical activity and bodily pain, mental hyperactivity, and sleep quality as [...] Read more.

The university population is at a vital stage of human development for acquiring an active lifestyle. Following this lifestyle will bring benefits in adulthood. This study seeks to analyse the relationship between physical activity and bodily pain, mental hyperactivity, and sleep quality as a function of the intensity of physical activity. A comparative, descriptive, and exploratory study is presented in a sample of 506 university students. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire, the Mental Hyperactivity Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. The proposed model analyses the relationships of physical activity to bodily pain, mental hyperactivity, sleep disturbances, and time to fall asleep. The fit of the different adjustment indices is satisfactory (X² = 0.47, df = 1, pl = 0.48, IFI = 0.99, CFI = 0.97; NFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.01). The relational analysis shows a positive relationship of physical activity to bodily pain (r = 0.02; p < 0.01), mental hyperactivity (r = 0.054; p < 0.01), sleep disturbances (r = 0.029; p < 0.01), and time to fall asleep (r = 0.047; p < 0.01). Multi-group structural equation analysis indicates that there are differences in the causal relationships of physical activity to sleep quality, mental hyperactivity, and bodily pain as a function of exercise intensity. The conclusion is that the intensity at which physical activity is performed plays a key role in mental and physical health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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21 pages, 866 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Sectional Study of the Professional Quality of Life of Palliative Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Adrià Campos i Arnal, Laura Galiana, Javier Sánchez-Ruiz and Noemí Sansó

Healthcare 2024, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010004 - 19 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1413

Abstract

Background: The display of compassionate care by palliative care professionals is of the utmost importance to the patients, their families, and even to their own professional well-being. Lately and, especially due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care professionals have been [...] Read more.

Background: The display of compassionate care by palliative care professionals is of the utmost importance to the patients, their families, and even to their own professional well-being. Lately and, especially due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care professionals have been subjected to greater pressures stemming from their work environment, organizational standpoint, and emotional sense of view. Not only have these factors made it harder for professionals to deliver compassionate care to their patients, but they have also decreased their overall well-being. The aim is to study how sociodemographics, workplace characteristics, internal resources, and the COVID-19 pandemic-derived pressures have affected the professionals’ capacity to perform compassionate care and their well-being while at the same time exploring the relationship between compassionate care and well-being. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with data gathered from Spanish palliative care professionals. The final sample was formed by 241 participants. They were surveyed about compassion, professional quality of life, well-being, sociodemographic data, working conditions, self-care, and coping with death competence, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyses used were descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and the construction of a structural equation model. Results: Compassion was predicted by the ability to control their workload and the ability to cope with death. Burnout was predicted by age, workload, workload control, self-care, material resources, and changes in teamwork. Moreover, compassion, age, workload control, and changes in teamwork and self-care were shown to significantly predict compassion satisfaction. When it comes to compassion fatigue, different variables were shown to predict it, those being compassion, control over the workload, social self-care, and the ability to cope with death. Conclusions: Having a healthy lifestyle and an adequate social support system is key to maintaining professional well-being in the case of palliative care professionals. Inner resources such as the ability to perform self-care and the capacity to cope with death are of vital importance to taking care of these professionals. Thus, it would be beneficial to establish training programs focused on these aspects in the myriad of sanitary centers that perform these tasks, as these abilities are necessary to withstand the work-related pressures and, at the same time, be able to provide compassionate care for patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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15 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Young Women’s Attitudes and Concerns Regarding Pornography and Their Sexual Experiences: A Qualitative Approach

by Mónica Fernández-Ruiz, Olga María López-Entrambasaguas, Jose Manuel Martínez-Linares and José Granero-Molina

Healthcare 2023, 11(21), 2877; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212877 - 1 Nov 2023

Viewed by 2346

Abstract

This study explores female university students’ attitudes toward and concerns about pornography, based on their experience watching it and on sexual encounters with men. It used a qualitative descriptive design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants between March and April 2020. [...] Read more.

This study explores female university students’ attitudes toward and concerns about pornography, based on their experience watching it and on sexual encounters with men. It used a qualitative descriptive design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants between March and April 2020. Thematic data analysis was performed using COREQ reporting guidelines. Three themes emerged from the data: (1) the sexual learning process, (2) the role of pornography in women’s sexuality, and (3) sexual experiences. Participants reported how they learned about sexuality and how pornography influenced sexual experiences. Self-esteem issues and societal norms regarding hair removal and difficulty saying “no” to unwanted or humiliating sexual practices were found. The young women were not comfortable with women’s representations in mainstream pornography. They blamed pornography for negative sexual experiences and claimed it influenced them and young men. Participants usually assumed submissive roles during sex and permitted aggressive sexual behaviors. The study reveals valuable information on how young women learn about sex and their difficulty in refusing unwanted sexual activities and even aggressive practices. Sexual education programs should include assertiveness training to improve sexual health, consent, and well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

24 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Health-Related Quality of Life, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment by Symptom-Based Long COVID Status and Age in the US

by Manuela Di Fusco, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Laura Anatale-Tardiff, Henriette Coetzer, Alon Yehoshua, Mary B. Alvarez, Kristen E. Allen, Thomas M. Porter, Laura Puzniak, Ashley S. Cha-Silva, Santiago M. C. Lopez and Xiaowu Sun

Healthcare 2023, 11(20), 2790; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202790 - 21 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2573

Abstract

COVID-19 infection adversely impacts patients’ wellbeing and daily lives. This survey-based study examined differences in patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) among groups of patients defined based on age and symptom-based long COVID status. [...] Read more.

COVID-19 infection adversely impacts patients’ wellbeing and daily lives. This survey-based study examined differences in patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) among groups of patients defined based on age and symptom-based long COVID status. Symptomatic, COVID-19-positive US outpatients were recruited from 31 January–30 April 2022. Outcomes were collected via validated instruments at pre-COVID, Day 3, Week 1, Week 4, Month 3 and Month 6 following infection, with changes assessed from pre-COVID and between groups, adjusting for covariates. EQ-5D-5L HRQoL and WPAI scores declined in all groups, especially during the first week. Long COVID patients reported significantly higher symptoms burden and larger drops in HRQoL and WPAI scores than patients without long COVID. Their HRQoL and WPAI scores did not return to levels comparable to pre-COVID through Month 6, except for absenteeism. Patients without long COVID generally recovered between Week 4 and Month 3. Older (>50) and younger adults generally reported comparable symptoms burden and drops in HRQoL and WPAI scores. During the first week of infection, COVID-19-related health issues caused loss of 14 to 26 work hours across the groups. These data further knowledge regarding the differential impacts of COVID-19 on clinically relevant patient groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

20 pages, 316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nurses’ Perceptions Regarding Their Professional Commitment and Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Pedro Ángel Caro-Alonso, Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín, Julián Rodríguez-Almagro, Carlos Chimpén-López, Cristina Romero-Blanco, Ignacio Casado-Naranjo, Alberto Bermejo-Cantarero and Fidel López-Espuela

Healthcare 2023, 11(19), 2659; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192659 - 30 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1556

Abstract

Introduction: During the pandemic, nurses have undergone a high level of professional burnout, suffering emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal realization. Objective: The object of this study is to understand in depth, through a phenomenological study of Giorgi, the perceptions on commitment [...] Read more.

Introduction: During the pandemic, nurses have undergone a high level of professional burnout, suffering emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal realization. Objective: The object of this study is to understand in depth, through a phenomenological study of Giorgi, the perceptions on commitment and professional development of frontline nurses during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Qualitative study designed and analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological focus. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were utilized in a theoretical sample of frontline nurses who worked in public hospitals of Extremadura and Madrid, Spain, until saturation of data. The interviews were conducted between the months of May and December 2020 following an outline of topics. The analysis was based on the phenomenological focus of Giorgi and was supported by the software Atlas-Ti 8.0. Results: A total of 14 nurses participated in this study. Two main themes emerged to explain the perceptions of the nurses: (1) the professional commitment of the nurses during the pandemic and (2) the effects of the pandemic on professional development; seven subcategories were also identified. Conclusion: The social and professional development of nurses is important. If nurses feel that they are quality professionals, this will enable them to protect their psychosocial health and increase professional commitment toward their patients in difficult situations such as pandemics. The results of this study may serve as a guide for better understanding the problems and needs of nurses as healthcare providers. This may help administrators in the generation of solutions for the establishment of a safe and reliable work environment, which will in turn promote a healthcare system that can efficiently respond to future catastrophes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

16 pages, 283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bulgarian General Practitioners’ Communication Styles about Child Vaccinations, Mainly Focused on Parental Decision Making in the Context of a Mandatory Immunization Schedule

by Veronika Dimitrova, Savina Stoitsova, Gergana Nenova, Maria Martinova, Milena Yakimova, Vanya Rangelova, Irina Georgieva, Ivo Georgiev, Stefka Krumova, Antoaneta Minkova, Nadezhda Vladimirova and Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb

Healthcare 2023, 11(18), 2566; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182566 - 17 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1451

Abstract

The communication practices of general practitioners in relation with vaccines have not been a topic of wide scientific interest. In this article, we outline them in the context of Bulgaria. A representative, cross-sectional, quantitative, face-to-face survey was conducted among 358 Bulgarian general practitioners [...] Read more.

The communication practices of general practitioners in relation with vaccines have not been a topic of wide scientific interest. In this article, we outline them in the context of Bulgaria. A representative, cross-sectional, quantitative, face-to-face survey was conducted among 358 Bulgarian general practitioners in 2022 using simple random sampling. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis using questions about the role of the GPs, which measure models of communication. Based on the factor analysis, we distinguished four communication styles. They were called: active communicator, restrictive communicator, informing communicator, and strained communicator. One-way ANOVA and the T-test were carried out to explore the connections between factor scores (communication styles) and other variables. One of the most important results in the study was that the informing physician (emphasizing the choice of the parents) was the most common model in Bulgaria. This is somewhat contradictory, because of the mandatory status of most vaccines. We found connections between the communication styles and other variables—such as the type of settlement, having a hesitant parent in the practice, recommendations of non-mandatory vaccines, and experience with vaccine-preventable diseases. On the basis of the factor analysis and analysis of relationships with other variables, we reached the conclusion that in Bulgaria, hesitant parents are not sufficiently involved in active, effective communication about vaccines by GPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

11 pages, 1062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Academic Stress in University Students: The Role of Physical Exercise and Nutrition

by Montserrat Monserrat-Hernández, Juan Carlos Checa-Olmos, Ángeles Arjona-Garrido, Remedios López-Liria and Patricia Rocamora-Pérez

Healthcare 2023, 11(17), 2401; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172401 - 26 Aug 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 13469

Abstract

The university experience can cause academic stress that, in turn, can lead to comorbidities. Students increasingly face demands and challenges that require a large amount of physical and psychological resources. These circumstances can make them experience physical and mental fatigue, lower their interest [...] Read more.

The university experience can cause academic stress that, in turn, can lead to comorbidities. Students increasingly face demands and challenges that require a large amount of physical and psychological resources. These circumstances can make them experience physical and mental fatigue, lower their interest in studying, and even lead them to lose control over their academic performance and health. The objective of this work is to determine the relationship between the practice of physical exercise, eating patterns, and academic stress among university students. A questionnaire was administered to 742 students using non-probabilistic sampling. The mean age was 21.24 (DT = 3.8), and 20.1% were men and 79.4% were women. To identify academic stress, the Stress Manifestation Scale of the Students Stress Inventory (SSI) subscale was used; the Mediterranean Diet Score was applied for eating patterns, and the practice of exercise was measured by weekly hours of exercise. The results show that there is a relationship between academic stress and physical exercise, but not with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. However, there is a relationship between the consumption of “unhealthy” foods exceeding the recommendations for the Spanish population and academic stress. In short, physical activity and diet are variables that are related to psychological well-being. Therefore, they should constitute the backbone of actions designed by university managers to eliminate or reduce stress suffered by students. Finally, the work demonstrates the need to create new scales that consider not only the foods that help alleviate stress but also their portions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

20 pages, 740 KiB

Open AccessReview

Health Programmes for Older Adults Who Are the Primary Family Caregivers for Their Partners: A Scoping Review

by Anabel Chica-Pérez, Lucía Martínez-Sola, Matías Correa-Casado, Cayetano Fernández-Sola, Karim El Marbouhe El Faqyr and José Manuel Hernández-Padilla

Healthcare 2024, 12(24), 2523; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242523 - 13 Dec 2024

Viewed by 400

Abstract

Aim: To examine and map health programmes that have been implemented and evaluated to improve health outcomes amongst older adults who are the primary family caregivers for their partners. Methods: A scoping review was carried out, following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs [...] Read more.

Aim: To examine and map health programmes that have been implemented and evaluated to improve health outcomes amongst older adults who are the primary family caregivers for their partners. Methods: A scoping review was carried out, following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. The search was conducted in six databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE) between December 2023 and March 2024. Results: Eleven studies were included, covering different health programmes implemented and evaluated with the aim of improving health outcomes in older adults who assume the role of primary family caregiver for their partner. The programmes were carried out by multidisciplinary teams and psychologists. The programmes varied in content, frequency, and duration. Discrepancies were found in the effects of the interventions on stress, depression, quality of life, and caregiver burden. Conclusions: This scoping review shows that programmes aimed at improving health outcomes in older adults who are the primary family caregiver for their partner vary widely in both content and effectiveness. While some interventions reduced the burden and psychological distress, others did not show clear improvements in quality of life. It can be concluded that there is a need for randomised controlled trials that rigorously evaluate the outcomes of long-term, personalised interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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12 pages, 586 KiB

Open AccessReview

Primary Healthcare Case Management Nurses and Assistance Provided to Chronic Patients: A Narrative Review

by María José Molina-Gil, María Dolores Guerra-Martín and Rocío De Diego-Cordero

Healthcare 2024, 12(11), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111054 - 22 May 2024

Viewed by 1413

Abstract

Population aging is causing increases in the numbers of chronic diseases, with the consequent need for changes in health systems to better assist patients with chronic conditions. A narrative review was conducted in this study with the objective of analysing the scientific evidence [...] Read more.

Population aging is causing increases in the numbers of chronic diseases, with the consequent need for changes in health systems to better assist patients with chronic conditions. A narrative review was conducted in this study with the objective of analysing the scientific evidence on the care and assistance provided by Case Management Nurses (CMNs) to chronic patients in primary healthcare. A total of 15 articles published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were selected in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Dialnet, Cinahl, and Web of Science. In total, 46.6% of the studies showed the assistance provided by CMNs for chronic pathologies. Most of the articles selected (80%) considered that the assistance offered by case management nurses in relation to chronic diseases is effective, enabling cost reductions, which supposes benefits at the economic and political levels. It was concluded that CMNs have proven to be efficient in caring for people with chronic diseases, improving the quality of life of these people and their caregivers; therefore, they have a fundamental role in the PHC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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15 pages, 607 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sexuality in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Studies

by José Granero-Molina, María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte, Iria Dobarrio-Sanz, Matías Correa-Casado, Carmen Ramos-Rodríguez and Patricia Romero-Alcalá

Healthcare 2023, 11(20), 2762; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202762 - 19 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1951

Abstract

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic syndrome which presents as chronic musculoskeletal pain, stiffness and body aches. FMS affects approximately 2.5% of the population, mostly women. FMS causes physical and psychological problems and reduces quality of life. The objective of this study [...] Read more.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic syndrome which presents as chronic musculoskeletal pain, stiffness and body aches. FMS affects approximately 2.5% of the population, mostly women. FMS causes physical and psychological problems and reduces quality of life. The objective of this study is to identify qualitative evidence about experiences of women diagnosed with FMS about their sexuality. Methods: Metasynthesis of qualitative studies. The search included articles published between 2000 and June 2023 on the PubMed, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and SCIELO databases. Results: 450 articles were found through the initial search, of which, only nine fulfilled the criteria and were included in the thematic synthesis. From this analysis, three main themes emerged: (1) “I want to, but I can’t”: FMS causes a shift in feminine sexuality. (2) Resetting sex life and intimacy. (3) Taking charge of a “new sexuality.” Conclusions: Women with FMS suffer from limitations of their sexuality that affect their partner. Pain, stiffness and a loss of desire make sexual encounters difficult. Becoming aware of this and striving not to lose their sexuality is key to coping with this problem. Women and their sexual partners can change roles and encourage communication, games, foreplay or touching. The use of lubricants, physical exercise and complementary therapies, along with social, professional and partner support, are key to coping with FMS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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13 pages, 777 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

The Healthspan Project: A Retrospective Pilot of Biomarkers and Biometric Outcomes after a 6-Month Multi-Modal Wellness Intervention

by Elizabeth Chun, Annie Crete, Christopher Neal, Richard Joseph and Rachele Pojednic

Healthcare 2024, 12(6), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060676 - 18 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3106

Abstract

Wellness-centric proactive healthcare is increasingly sought after, with individuals frequently embracing complementary modalities to achieve this goal. In this six-month study, healthy adult participants (n = 25) received specific therapies, including whole-body cryotherapy, infrared sauna, and photobiomodulation, along with guidance on physical activity, [...] Read more.

Wellness-centric proactive healthcare is increasingly sought after, with individuals frequently embracing complementary modalities to achieve this goal. In this six-month study, healthy adult participants (n = 25) received specific therapies, including whole-body cryotherapy, infrared sauna, and photobiomodulation, along with guidance on physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake. Serum biomarkers were measured for all participants, while a subset also received biometric assessments for body composition (n = 10) and heart rate variability (n = 7). Over the course of the study (mean (SD) follow-up days = 174 (130)), participants exhibited significant improvements in health. LDL cholesterol (−9.77 (15.43) md/dL) and hsCRP (−1.75 (2.66) mg/L) decreased significantly (p < 0.05). HbA1c increased slightly (p < 0.05), but the effect size was small (0.12 (0.13)%). The body composition subset lost overall body weight (−3.29 (3.75) kg), primarily body fat, while preserving lean muscle mass (p < 0.05). Heart rate variability increased for those with existing cardiovascular risk factors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, participation in the multimodal Healthspan protocol is associated with substantial improvements in health-related biomarkers and biometrics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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14 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Absenteeism of Healthcare Personnel in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Implications for the Post-Pandemic Seasons

by Helena C. Maltezou, Caterina Ledda and Nikolaos V. Sipsas

Healthcare 2023, 11(22), 2950; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222950 - 12 Nov 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3579

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to assess COVID-19-associated absenteeism among healthcare personnel (HCP). PubMed was searched on 4 February 2023. Inclusion criteria were the presentation of original data on COVID-19-associated absenteeism among HCP. Exclusion criteria were absenteeism associated with burnout, mental health illness, post-COVID [...] Read more.

This systematic review aimed to assess COVID-19-associated absenteeism among healthcare personnel (HCP). PubMed was searched on 4 February 2023. Inclusion criteria were the presentation of original data on COVID-19-associated absenteeism among HCP. Exclusion criteria were absenteeism associated with burnout, mental health illness, post-COVID syndrome, or child-care. Nineteen articles were identified; fifteen concerned almost exclusively the first pandemic year. Hospitals accounted for most data. There was heterogeneity across studies in terms of presentation of absenteeism data. Before COVID-19 vaccines became available, COVID-19 was a major driver of HCP absenteeism with excess costs, while the mean duration of absenteeism ranged from 5.82 to 33 days per episode of absence. Determinant factors of absenteeism rates were department of employment, high-risk exposure, age, profession, and work experience of HCP, suspected COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 testing, SARS-CoV-2 positivity, and return-to-work strategy. Two studies demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduced the burden of absenteeism. Routine testing of asymptomatic HCP and use of personal protective equipment also significantly ameliorated absenteeism. In conclusion, COVID-19 has been a major driver of HCP absenteeism. Research is needed to assess how COVID-19 will impact HCP in the next years, considering the new SARS-CoV-2 variants, the co-circulation of other respiratory viruses, and the newer COVID-19 vaccines. Networks are needed to survey morbidity and absenteeism among HCP in real-time and guide vaccination policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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Open AccessBrief Report

Interpersonal Characteristics and Binge Eating among Patients Pursuing Bariatric Surgery

by Rawan Salameh-Dakwar, Roni Elran-Barak, Yara Zahra-Zeitoun, Gidon Soroka, Dvir Froylich, Ahmad Assalia and Yael Latzer

Healthcare 2023, 11(21), 2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212836 - 27 Oct 2023

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Abstract

Background: Preoperative binge eating behavior has been associated with difficulties in weight loss maintenance among patients pursuing bariatric surgery. However, limited data exists on the relationship between interpersonal difficulties and binge eating. Objectives: To identify interpersonal factors linked with binge eating among bariatric [...] Read more.

Background: Preoperative binge eating behavior has been associated with difficulties in weight loss maintenance among patients pursuing bariatric surgery. However, limited data exists on the relationship between interpersonal difficulties and binge eating. Objectives: To identify interpersonal factors linked with binge eating among bariatric surgery candidates. Setting: One hundred and seventeen adult bariatric surgery candidates (BMI = 42.2 ± 5.2) from three different hospitals completed questionnaires on the day of their bariatric committee meeting for operation approval. Methods: Binge eating was assessed using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5) as a dichotomous variable. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and interpersonal characteristics were evaluated using the short version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). Sociodemographic variables (age, gender, income, education) and BMI were considered as confounders. Results: Approximately 25% of bariatric surgery candidates reported experiencing binge eating episodes within the previous three months. Participants with binge eating exhibited significantly lower self-esteem and more interpersonal difficulties, particularly in the domains of aggressiveness and dependence, compared to those without binge eating. Logistic regression analysis revealed that aggressiveness was a significant predictor of binge eating in this sample. Conclusions: This study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to investigate the relationship between interpersonal difficulties and binge eating among bariatric surgery candidates. The findings highlight the significant contribution of aggressiveness to binge eating and emphasize the importance of clinicians assessing patients’ interpersonal functioning, particularly with regard to aggressiveness, as a factor that may contribute to the maintenance and occurrence of binge eating behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)

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