Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Nursing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 28827

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Oxford School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0FL, UK
Interests: cancer survivorship; self-management of long-term conditions; mental health; nursing workforce development; research leadership

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nurses and midwives are the largest group of healthcare professionals worldwide and are continually engaged in driving forward changes to healthcare practice. Nurses and midwives provide more patient-facing care than other healthcare professionals and, because of their close proximity to patients, are able to rapidly adapt and respond to international public health challenges. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated nurses’ and midwives’ expertise and ability to work flexibly and adeptly in the face of mounting clinical challenges. This means that they are expertly positioned to contribute to and shape healthcare policy and practice through harnessing their knowledge, skills and practice to improve service delivery and care outcomes. 

However, despite their positioning, nurses and midwives often lack opportunities to lead others within the healthcare system, and this can lead to decreased confidence and engagement. Reasons for this are multifaceted and include a lack of protected time to undertake continuing professional development activities, a lack of structured research training beyond registration, uncertain career progression pathways, a lack of mentorship and role-modelling and limited buy in from partner organizations for nurses and midwives to take on leadership roles.

With this in mind, this Special Issue is soliciting manuscripts addressing topics related to strategies, initiatives and interventions designed to facilitate nursing and midwifery workforce development. Original articles and reviews on nursing and midwifery workforce development initiatives, as well as on the evaluation of such strategies and initiatives in the workplace are invited. Papers that focus on various aspects of nursing and midwifery workforce development, such as research, leadership, education and advanced practice are of particular interest. Papers seeking to explore the knowledge and perceptions of healthcare staff and managers on issues relating to workforce development in relation to recruitment, retention and wellbeing will also be considered. Papers that consider the roles of clinical academics in underpinning and developing the nursing and midwifery evidence-base are of interest, as are papers that focus on the nursing and midwifery workforce pipeline, from pre-registration through to senior nursing and midwifery leadership roles. Additionally, papers that illustrate, across an international context, how nursing and midwifery leadership can influence policy and practice and contribute to capacity and capability building across the professions are of relevance to this issue.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an updated picture of the current nursing and midwifery landscape in relation to building and sustaining the workforce and developing the profession. The influence and visibility of an evolving nursing and midwifery workforce are of paramount importance at a global level, with widespread effects on health and care services, organizational efficiency, staff wellbeing and patient care quality and safety outcomes.

Dr. Catherine Henshall
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nurses
  • midwives
  • workforce
  • leadership
  • research
  • career pathways
  • staff wellbeing
  • capacity building
  • capability building
  • education
  • skill development
  • burnout

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
The Work of Nurses in Primary Health Care: Crossings of the New Public Management
by Maristel Silva Kasper, Felipe Lima dos Santos, Poliana Silva de Oliveira, Janaina Pereira da Silva, Karen da Silva Santos, Priscila Norié de Araujo, Gabriella Carrijo Souza, Cássia Bianca de Souza Quintão, Angelina Lettiere Viana, Silvia Matumoto, Silvana Martins Mishima, Tauani Zampieri Fermino, Ana Lucia Abrahão, Liane Beatriz Righi, Gilles Monceau and Cinira Magali Fortuna
Healthcare 2023, 11(11), 1562; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111562 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2023
Abstract
The literature in the field of health management mentions a concept called new public management (NPM), introduced in Brazil and France at the end of the 20th century. The objective of the study was to analyze the repercussions of the work of nurses [...] Read more.
The literature in the field of health management mentions a concept called new public management (NPM), introduced in Brazil and France at the end of the 20th century. The objective of the study was to analyze the repercussions of the work of nurses in primary health care in Brazil and France under the influence of NPM. This is an excerpt of a double-titled thesis, which is a research intervention with nurses from two Brazilian states and five French departments. Data were produced between February 2019 and July 2021. The public policy Health on the Hour acted as an institutional transducer, provoking a reduction in access and producing effects on professional practices. In both countries, NPM amplified the predominance of technical and quantifiable acts, the focus on individual care, and the loss of autonomy. Nurses reported insurmountable situations, using the metaphor “Sophie’s choice”. The results showed that making dilemmatic decisions has been the daily routine of nurses, which has not resulted in debureaucratization and higher quality of care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
10 pages, 505 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Gender Equity in Nursing Education Programs on Nurse Job Satisfaction
by Joohee Shim and Da-In Park
Healthcare 2023, 11(9), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091318 - 4 May 2023
Viewed by 1982
Abstract
(1) Background: One of the strategies to overcome the shortage of nurses is to minimize gender inequity in nursing culture, starting from the undergraduate education program. Although the number of men entering the nursing profession has increased over the years, the portion of [...] Read more.
(1) Background: One of the strategies to overcome the shortage of nurses is to minimize gender inequity in nursing culture, starting from the undergraduate education program. Although the number of men entering the nursing profession has increased over the years, the portion of male nurses remains low, particularly in Asian countries. Only a few studies have been conducted to identify gender inequity in nursing, and most of these studies used qualitative study design. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively identify gender equity in nursing education and the influence it has on nurse job satisfaction. (2) Methods: A total of 165 male nurses participated in this study. Validated questionnaires were used to assess gender equity in nursing education programs, nurse job satisfaction, nurse job esteem, and nursing professional pride. (3) Results: The mean score of gender equity in nursing programs was 62.6, showing a positive correlation with nurse job satisfaction, nurse job esteem, and nursing professional pride. Gender equity positively predicted nurse job esteem. (4) Conclusions: The gender equity in nursing education programs has positive predictive effects on the factors that influence male nurse job satisfaction. In order to increase nurse job retention, educators should incorporate strategies to minimize gender inequity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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9 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting Nurse Retention Intention: With a Focus on Shift Nurses in South Korea
by Eun-Young Cho and Hwee Wee
Healthcare 2023, 11(8), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081167 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2787
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the factors affecting shift nurses’ retention to solve the nurse shortage problem. The independent variables were general characteristics, stress response, work–life balance, and grit. The subjects for the study were 214 nurses working in three shifts at three [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the factors affecting shift nurses’ retention to solve the nurse shortage problem. The independent variables were general characteristics, stress response, work–life balance, and grit. The subjects for the study were 214 nurses working in three shifts at three general hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from 1 to 31 August 2022. We used structured tools such as the Nurses’ Retention Index, Stress Response Inventory, Work–Life Balance Scale, and Clinical Nurse’s Grit Scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Age, job satisfaction, and grit were factors that had a significant impact on retention intention. Grit had the greatest impact on retention intention. Additionally, retention intention increased in those aged from 30 to 40 years as compared with those under the age of 30. It is necessary to develop and implement a program that can improve grit to enhance the retention intention of shift nurses. Additionally, it is necessary to actively seek measures to reduce dissatisfaction with nursing jobs, increase satisfaction, and manage human resources considering the characteristics of age groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
11 pages, 879 KiB  
Article
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Galician Version of the Nurse Prescribing Self-Efficacy Scale
by Andrea Franco-Rodríguez, Eva María Domínguez-Martís, Diego Gabriel Mosteiro-Miguéns, David López-Ares, Belén Cotón-Sánchez, Marta Domínguez-Varela and Silvia Novío
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2563; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122563 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1519
Abstract
Low self-efficacy has been identified as one of the factors that could hinder the prescribing competence of nurses. No valid and reliable existing instruments assess Galician nurses’ confidence to prescribe. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of [...] Read more.
Low self-efficacy has been identified as one of the factors that could hinder the prescribing competence of nurses. No valid and reliable existing instruments assess Galician nurses’ confidence to prescribe. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Galician version of the Nurse Prescribing Self-Efficacy Scale (G-NP-SES, 19 items). The study was conducted in two phases: the translation and adaptation to the Galician version of the NP-SES, and the assessment of its psychometric properties. G-NP-SES was sent to nurses working in primary healthcare centers in Galicia (Spain) between March and June of 2022. Its content, construct and discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability were examined. A total of 193 people participated in the study. As the original scale, G-NP-SES also had three dimensions (% of cumulative variance = 80.82%). It showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) = 0.90, with each factor ranging from 0.86 to 0.89), high content validity (scale’s content validity index = 0.92, with item-content validity index ranged from 0.87 to 1), and good discriminant validity. G-NP-SES is an instrument with good psychometric properties which could be used to accurately assess Galician nurses’ self-efficacy to prescribe and consequently to improve their job performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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17 pages, 640 KiB  
Article
Competence in Spiritual and Emotional Care: Learning Outcomes for the Evaluation of Nursing Students
by Juan Antonio Sarrión-Bravo, Alexandra González-Aguña, Ricardo Abengózar-Muela, Alina Renghea, Marta Fernández-Batalla, José María Santamaría-García and Roger Ruiz-Moral
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 2062; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102062 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Spiritual and emotional care is an important part of the person, especially in situations such as changes in health or a community coping with a pandemic. However, nurses report scarce university training in this area of care. The aim of the study is [...] Read more.
Spiritual and emotional care is an important part of the person, especially in situations such as changes in health or a community coping with a pandemic. However, nurses report scarce university training in this area of care. The aim of the study is to define a catalogue of learning outcomes for spiritual and emotional care for undergraduate nurses. The design used a mixed method for the development and validation of learning outcomes. The first phase designs the catalogue of learning outcomes through a coordinating group and uses a bibliographic search and nursing legislation. The second phase validates the proposal through a group of experts, with a questionnaire using the modified Delphi technique in two rounds. The initial proposal was 75 learning outcomes, of which 17 were eliminated, 36 changed their wording and the experts proposed 7 new ones. The experts validated 65 learning outcomes: 14 for Assessment and diagnosis; 5 for Planning; 17 for Intervention; 4 for Evaluation and quality; 8 for Communication and interpersonal relationship and 17 for Knowledge and intrapersonal development. In conclusion, the academic curriculum can include these learning outcomes to help undergraduate nurses in the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and attitudes in spiritual and emotional care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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15 pages, 644 KiB  
Article
Digital Competencies for Nurses: Tools for Responding to Spiritual Care Needs
by Daniel Burgos, Aída López-Serrano, Stefania Palmisano, Fiona Timmins and Michael Connolly
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1966; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101966 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
Users show a growing interest in expanding the implementation of digital tools as a support of technical and management issues in healthcare. This medical care has focused on telemedicine but does not include the recognition of needs as an important part of patient-centred [...] Read more.
Users show a growing interest in expanding the implementation of digital tools as a support of technical and management issues in healthcare. This medical care has focused on telemedicine but does not include the recognition of needs as an important part of patient-centred healthcare. Nurses interact with patients at critical times in their life journeys, including birth and death, which are historical events linked with religious beliefs. Furthermore, large migration flows have led to multicultural societies in which religion and spirituality are experienced in distinct ways by different people. Finally, most healthcare professionals lack the proper skills to handle the spiritual needs of their patients, especially for core and digital competences. This article shows the results of qualitative research applying as a research tool an open-ended questionnaire, which allows detecting the educational needs for nurses’ interventions aimed at providing spiritual support to their patients using digital tools. The results obtained reveal that nurses need education and training on fundamental spiritual concepts and digital competencies to meet the multiple demands of their patients’ spiritual needs. Finally, we present an open digital educational proposal for the development of competencies for nurses and other health professionals to provide spiritual care with the support of digital tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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14 pages, 263 KiB  
Article
The Experience of the Transition from a Student Nurse to a Registered Nurse of Kuwaiti Newly Graduated Registered Nurses: A Qualitative Study
by Fatmah Kreedi, Michael Brown and Lynne Marsh
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1856; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101856 - 23 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3754
Abstract
Background: The experience of the transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse is a challenging period for newly graduated registered nurses. Aim: To explore newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of transition from student to registered nurse in clinical practice. Design: A [...] Read more.
Background: The experience of the transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse is a challenging period for newly graduated registered nurses. Aim: To explore newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of transition from student to registered nurse in clinical practice. Design: A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 Kuwaiti newly graduated registered nurses. Findings: The findings generated three themes: nursing support; education preparation; and psychological wellbeing. Discussion and conclusion: This study is the first in Kuwait aiming to understand Kuwaiti national newly graduated registered nurses’ transition experiences from student nurses to registered nurses in clinical practice. While the study revealed that newly graduated registered nurses received limited organisational support, the nursing policymakers in health care organisations and nursing education in Kuwait need to develop plans to improve newly graduated registered nurses’ knowledge, skills and confidence and align them with the roles and realities of actual nursing practice, to improve retention. There is a need to change the societal image of nursing in Kuwait by highlighting the importance of the nursing profession within the health care delivery. The study recommends further research on newly graduated registered nurses’ transition experiences into their new nursing roles to identify the factors behind their decision to stay or to leave, as this could offer possible solutions to address newly graduated registered nurses’ retention in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
8 pages, 845 KiB  
Article
Towards the Elaboration of a Non-Technical Skills Development Model for Midwives in Morocco
by Asmaa Ghafili, Abdellah Gantare, Claire Lobet-Maris and Maximilien Gourdin
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1683; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091683 - 3 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
This article explores the non-technical skills critical for the practice of midwives through a comparison of two maternity services in Morocco. Soft skills, or non-technical skills, present a set of metacognitive abilities, which complement hard or technical skills, in order to guarantee the [...] Read more.
This article explores the non-technical skills critical for the practice of midwives through a comparison of two maternity services in Morocco. Soft skills, or non-technical skills, present a set of metacognitive abilities, which complement hard or technical skills, in order to guarantee the safe performance of a technical activity. This exploration is based on an original methodology that triangulates observation of caring paths, qualitative interviews, and quantitative questionnaires. We identified the main soft skills mastered, those that were missing, and those to be developed, based on an observed or expressed need. The research population included 30 midwives and 70 women. The results led us to identify the most critical non-technical skills for midwifery practice at a Local Medical Centre (LMC) and a Provincial Hospital Centre (PHC) to better understand the effects of workload on the possibilities of activating non-technical skills during caring paths. Based on these results, we elaborated a model for the development and improvement of non-technical skills in midwifery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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12 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
It’s What We Do: Experiences of UK Nurses Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Practice, Identity and Resilience
by Zoe Davey, Cynthia Srikesavan, Andrea Cipriani and Catherine Henshall
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1674; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091674 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3059
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic increased pressure on a nursing workforce already facing high levels of stress, burnout, and fatigue in the United Kingdom (UK) and internationally. The contribution of nurses to keeping the public safe was widely recognised as they met the challenges of [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic increased pressure on a nursing workforce already facing high levels of stress, burnout, and fatigue in the United Kingdom (UK) and internationally. The contribution of nurses to keeping the public safe was widely recognised as they met the challenges of delivering complex patient care during the healthcare crisis. However, the psychological impact of this on nurses’ health and wellbeing has been substantial, and the number of nurses leaving the profession in the UK is rising. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of this on their psychological health, wellbeing and resilience. The study is part of a wider project to develop and pilot an online resilience intervention for nurses during COVID-19. Five focus groups with 22 nurses were carried out online. Data was analysed thematically using the Framework Method. Four key themes relating to positive and negative impacts of working during the pandemic were identified: Rapid changes and contexts in flux; loss and disruption; finding opportunities and positive transformation; and reinforcing and strengthening identity. Implications for coping and resilience in nursing, nursing identities and workforce development are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
12 pages, 415 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Coping Strategies Used by Nurses Working at COVID and Non-COVID Hospital Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Matea Dolić, Vesna Antičević, Krešimir Dolić and Zenon Pogorelić
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061144 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1988
Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to compare coping strategies applied by nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic at COVID-19 (CoV) and non-COVID-19 (non-CoV) hospital departments with regards to their sociodemographic characteristics in order that the system can provide them better support [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of our study was to compare coping strategies applied by nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic at COVID-19 (CoV) and non-COVID-19 (non-CoV) hospital departments with regards to their sociodemographic characteristics in order that the system can provide them better support in future similar situations. Methods: A total of 380 out of 1305 nurses participated in the survey during December 2020. Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) was used. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and coping strategies. Results: The CoV married nurses (62.2%) used problem- (p = 0.010) and emotion- (p = 0.003) focused coping more and avoidance coping less (p = 0.007). CoV nurses with master’s degrees (11.1%) used both problem- and emotion-focused coping less (p < 0.01), and older nurses used emotional coping more than the younger nurses (p = 0.027), whereas younger nurses used more avoidance coping (p < 0.01). CoV nurses without children (41%) used avoidance strategies more than nurses who had 2–3 children (p < 0.001). Among non-CoV nurses, less use of emotional coping was recorded in nurses with master’s degrees (4%) than in those with a high school diploma (44.2%) (p = 0.002). Avoidance coping was also used more by married non-CoV nurses (79.1%) (p < 0.001) and those without children (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors such as working experience, age, level of education and marital status influenced chosen coping strategies during the health crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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9 pages, 666 KiB  
Article
The Current Contexts of Newly Graduated Nurses’ Competence: A Content Analysis
by Areum Hyun, Marion Tower and Catherine Turner
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061071 - 9 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2286
Abstract
Producing and sustaining a competent nursing workforce is imperative to protect the public. Identifying current issues and trends in nursing competence can strengthen insights and provide direction for the future nursing workforce. A summative content analysis was performed; PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were [...] Read more.
Producing and sustaining a competent nursing workforce is imperative to protect the public. Identifying current issues and trends in nursing competence can strengthen insights and provide direction for the future nursing workforce. A summative content analysis was performed; PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for content from the last ten years. A total of 3225 titles and abstracts regarding nursing competence were identified and analysed using the big-data analysis software Leximancer. Five themes were discovered from the analysis: (1) standardisation of nursing competencies with emerging competencies, (2) assessment competency levels, (3) graduates’ expectations and achievement, (4) safe and quality practice with teamwork, and (5) competency curriculum development. This found standardised nursing competencies, which suggests prioritising which core competencies should be focused on during education to produce competent generalist professional nurses, and employers could help nursing graduates improve their competence in specialised areas. This review also suggests that further education strategies should be developed to better prepare graduates for culturally safe practice to meet the needs of diverse minority populations and for informatics competency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Competence assessment methods must be extensively investigated to measure nursing competencies both longitudinally and cross-sectionally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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8 pages, 243 KiB  
Article
The Role of Fundamental Nursing Practices Simulation on Students’ Competencies and Learning Satisfaction: Repeated Measured Design
by Gizell Green, Lani Ofri and Riki Tesler
Healthcare 2022, 10(5), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050841 - 3 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1595
Abstract
Few studies have examined the simulation of fundamental nursing practices regarding nursing competencies and learning satisfaction via repeated measured methods. Objectives: To evaluate a simulation of fundamental nursing practices on nursing students’ competencies and learning satisfaction in three time points: before (T1), immediately [...] Read more.
Few studies have examined the simulation of fundamental nursing practices regarding nursing competencies and learning satisfaction via repeated measured methods. Objectives: To evaluate a simulation of fundamental nursing practices on nursing students’ competencies and learning satisfaction in three time points: before (T1), immediately after (T2), and one month after simulation (T3), and to examine nursing students’ competency predictors to learning satisfaction, immediately after conducting the simulation and one month after. Methods: The study design was a one-group, repeated measures study. Ninety-three undergraduate nursing students were convenience sampled and conducted a simulation of fundamental nursing practices. The students completed a questionnaire at T1, T2, and T3. The Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses questionnaire was distributed, and question about the level of learning satisfaction were asked. Results: All nursing competencies and learning satisfactions increased significantly. Only the legal/ethical practice competency succeeded in predicting the learning satisfaction in T2 and in T3 after conducting simulations. Conclusions: This study has established that a simulation of fundamental nursing practices is effective not just immediately after performing the simulation but also one month after the simulation. Therefore, it is recommended to implement a pedagogical structure of simulations of fundamental nursing practices in other nursing education areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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