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Healthcare
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Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment
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Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 15176

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tomasz Tokarek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Invasive Cardiology, Electrotherapy and Angiology, Kilinskiego 68, Nowy Sacz, Poland
2. Center for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow, Poland
Interests: coronary artery disease; myocardial infarction; heart failure; atrial fibrillation; aortic stenosis; transcatheter aortic valve disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and contribute significantly to the increasing costs of healthcare. Most cardiovascular diseases might be avoided with early prevention. Thus, preventive healthcare has a crucial role. Future studies should focus on new opportunities for enhancing education, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of these patients to improve outcomes. Therefore, studies exploring education, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are welcome in this Special Issue.

To address the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases, we would like to invite both researchers and clinicians to submit their pivotal studies on cardiovascular disease. We expect well-designed studies with a high impact on the evidence base of cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, the long-term goal of this Special Issue is to create a scientific environment which is able to improve patient outcomes and treatment. Additional, and equally important, consideration will be given to studies that focus on the education and prevention of a diverse array of cardiovascular diseases.

Thank you for your consideration. We look forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Tomasz Tokarek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coronary artery disease
  • myocardial infarction
  • heart failure
  • atrial fibrillation
  • valvular heart disease and treatment
  • prevention of cardiovascular diseases
  • health-related quality of life education
  • dyslipidemia
  • atherosclerosis
  • obesity and metabolic syndrome
  • hypertension
  • frailty syndrome
  • peripheral arterial disease
  • stroke
  • lifestyle interventions
  • oncology and cardiovascular diseases
  • oral anticoagulant therapy
  • antiplatelet therapy

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 300 KiB  
Article
Undertreatment and Underachievement of LDL-C Target among Individuals with High and Very High Cardiovascular Risk in the Malaysian Community
by Aimi Zafira Razman, Noorhida Baharudin, Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim, Alyaa Al-Khateeb, Zaliha Ismail and Hapizah Nawawi
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122448 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia subtypes, the proportions of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use, and the achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets for high-risk (HR) and [...] Read more.
Dyslipidaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia subtypes, the proportions of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use, and the achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets for high-risk (HR) and very high-risk (VHR) Malaysians. This cross-sectional study involves 5279 participants across 11 states in Malaysia. The data were obtained through a standardised questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, venous glucose and lipid profile. The participants with existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes with at least one of the other major risk factors (smoking, hypertension or dyslipidaemia) were grouped into the VHR category. Other participants were risk-categorised using the Framingham General CVD Risk Score (FRS-CVD). The prevalence of elevated LDL-C, LLT use and LDL-C target were set according to respective risk categories. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to test the difference in the proportions. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 41.1 ± 14.8 years, and 62.2% (3283/5279) of the group were females. Within the participant group, 51.5% were found to have elevated total cholesterol, 28.8% had low HDL-C, and 33.8% had high triglyceride. As for elevated LDL-C, 9.8% were in VHR, 8.6% in HR, 5.8% in MR and 34.9% in LR categories. Among the VHR group, 75.8% were not on LLT, and only 15.9% achieved the LDL-C target. As for the HR category, 87.7% were not on LLT, and only 16.1% achieved the LDL-C target. Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent among Malaysians. The majority of VHR and HR participants were not on LLT and did not achieve LDL-C treatment targets. Proactive programs are warranted to combat dyslipidaemia-associated CVD events in these groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
12 pages, 486 KiB  
Article
Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implementation Patients—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Katarzyna Olszewska-Turek and Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
Healthcare 2022, 10(11), 2211; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112211 - 3 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Quality of life is an important factor influencing mood. In any group of elderly people undergoing valve implementation or surgical aortic valve replacement, one in three will have depressive symptoms. The aims of this study were as follows: 1. to evaluate the impact [...] Read more.
Quality of life is an important factor influencing mood. In any group of elderly people undergoing valve implementation or surgical aortic valve replacement, one in three will have depressive symptoms. The aims of this study were as follows: 1. to evaluate the impact of health-related quality of life on depressive symptoms in elderly patients undergoing TAVI, and 2. to analyze beliefs about TAVI. Methods: A total of 131 elderly people (mean age: 82.1 ± 6.1 years) scheduled to receive TAVI completed the Geriatric Depression Scale, EQ-5D-3L, and Mini Mental State Examination. A total of 43 patients completed the questionnaires after the treatment. The narrative interview analyses were performed based on 20 randomly selected patients after TAVI. Results: The mean level of general depression before TAVI was 4.19 ± 2.83, and after it was 3.12 ± 2.52 (p = 0.02), and the frequency decreased from 20% to 3%. An increase in the level of activity and number of interests and a decrease in life satisfaction were identified. The higher the general quality of life was, the lower the levels of depressiveness before and after TAVI were (r = 0.26 vs. r = 0.48; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients differed in their depressive symptoms, as well as their intensity and frequency, before and after TAVI. These results underscore the importance of screening for depression at baseline and reassessing changes in depressiveness during follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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11 pages, 1205 KiB  
Article
Prehospital Stroke Care, Paramedic Training Needs, and Hospital-Directed Feedback in Lithuania
by Kazimieras Melaika, Lukas Sveikata, Aleksandras Vilionskis, Adam Wiśniewski, Kristaps Jurjans, Andrius Klimašauskas, Dalius Jatužis and Rytis Masiliūnas
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1958; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101958 - 7 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
Background: Emergency medical services (EMS) are the first health care contact for the majority of stroke patients. However, there is a lack of data on the current paramedics’ hospital-directed feedback and training needs across different health care settings. We aimed to evaluate paramedics’ [...] Read more.
Background: Emergency medical services (EMS) are the first health care contact for the majority of stroke patients. However, there is a lack of data on the current paramedics’ hospital-directed feedback and training needs across different health care settings. We aimed to evaluate paramedics’ prehospital stroke care knowledge, training needs, and current status of feedback on suspected stroke patients. Methods: We surveyed paramedics from the Vilnius region from September to November 2019 and compared the answers between the city and the district agencies. The questionnaire content included questions on paramedics’ demographic characteristics, prehospital stroke care self-assessment, knowledge on stroke mimics, stroke training needs, and the importance of hospital-directed feedback on suspected stroke patients. Results: A total number of 161 paramedics (or 49.4% of all paramedics from our stroke care network) were surveyed, with more district paramedics rating their prehospital stroke care knowledge as inadequate (44.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.8–57.6) vs. 28.1% (95% CI 20.1–27.8), p = 0.028). In addition, more district paramedics indicated a need for additional stroke training (83.1% (95% CI 71.5–90.5) vs. 69.8% (60.0–78.1), p = 0.043). However, respondents reported being the most confident while dealing with stroke (71.3%, 95% CI 63.8–77.7) compared to other time-critical conditions (p < 0.001). Vertigo (60.8%, 95% CI 53.0–68.0), brain tumors (56.3%, 95% CI 48.5–63.8), and seizures (54.4%, 95% CI 46.7–62.0) were indicated as the most common stroke mimics. Only 6.2% (95% CI 3.4–11.1) of respondents received formal feedback on the outcome of suspected stroke patients brought to the emergency department. Conclusions: A high proportion of paramedics self-perceive having inadequate stroke knowledge and an urgent need for further stroke training. The EMS staff indicate receiving insufficient feedback on suspected stroke patients, even though its usefulness is perceived as paramount. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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9 pages, 452 KiB  
Article
Knowledge and Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
by Mikołaj Matysek, Krzysztof Wójcicki, Tomasz Tokarek, Artur Dziewierz, Tomasz Rakowski, Stanisław Bartuś and Dariusz Dudek
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061142 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a short hospital stay and fast recovery. However, it might be related to insufficient implementation of lifestyle changes after the procedure. Conversely, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a highly invasive technique that requires a [...] Read more.
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a short hospital stay and fast recovery. However, it might be related to insufficient implementation of lifestyle changes after the procedure. Conversely, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a highly invasive technique that requires a prolonged hospital stay and long rehabilitation with more opportunities for education. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CABG on adherence to lifestyle modifications and knowledge about coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with PCI. We also evaluated the level of education and tried to define groups of patients that might require targeted education. Methods: Data was collected using a self-designed 56-item questionnaire. Questions assessed the knowledge of CAD risk factors and the level of their control. Results: The study group consisted of 155 consecutive patients admitted to the Cardiology Department. Patients with a history of PCI (68%) (at least 8 weeks before) were included in the prior-PCI group, and patients with previous surgical revascularization (also at least 8 weeks before) were assigned to the prior-CABG group (32%). The knowledge score was higher in the prior-CABG group. The median (IQR) results in the prior-PCI vs. prior-CABG group were, respectively: 20 (12–24) vs. 22 (19–25) [points, per 31 max.]; p = 0.01. Similar results were obtained in the level of risk control (prior-PCI vs. prior-CABG, respectively: 6 (4–7) vs. 7 (6–8) [points, per 15 max.]; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The method of treatment of CAD might impact the implementation of lifestyle modifications after the procedure. More effort is required to improve secondary prevention, especially in PCI patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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Review

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30 pages, 467 KiB  
Review
Utility of Cardiac Power Hemodynamic Measurements in the Evaluation and Risk Stratification of Cardiovascular Conditions
by Jonathan Farshadmand, Zachary Lowy, Ofek Hai, Roman Zeltser and Amgad N. Makaryus
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2417; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122417 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1449 | Correction
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease has remained the leading cause of mortality globally for the past 20 years. Part of the explanation for this trend is persistent difficulty in determining the severity of cardiac conditions in order to [...] Read more.
Despite numerous advancements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease has remained the leading cause of mortality globally for the past 20 years. Part of the explanation for this trend is persistent difficulty in determining the severity of cardiac conditions in order to allow for the deployment of prompt therapies. This review seeks to determine the prognostic importance of cardiac power (CP) measurements, including cardiac power output (CPO) and cardiac power index (CPI), in various cardiac pathologies. CP was evaluated across respective disease-state categories which include cardiogenic shock (CS), septic shock, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), heart failure (HF), post-myocardial infarction (MI), critical cardiac illness (CCI) and an “other” category. Literature review was undertaken of articles discussing CP in various conditions and this review found utility and prognostic significance in the evaluation of TAVR patients with a significant correlation between one-year mortality and CPI; in HF patients showing CPI and CPO as valuable tools to assess cardiac function in the acute setting; and, additionally, CPO was found to be an essential tool in patients with CCI, as the literature showed that CPO was statistically correlated with mortality. Cardiac power and the derived measures obtained from this relatively easily obtained variable can allow for essential estimations of prognostic outcomes in cardiac patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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Other

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1 pages, 158 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Farshadmand et al. Utility of Cardiac Power Hemodynamic Measurements in the Evaluation and Risk Stratification of Cardiovascular Conditions. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2417
by Jonathan Farshadmand, Zachary Lowy, Ofek Hai, Roman Zeltser and Amgad N. Makaryus
Healthcare 2023, 11(16), 2323; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162323 - 17 Aug 2023
Viewed by 398
Abstract
Zachary Lowy was not included as an author in the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
6 pages, 3130 KiB  
Case Report
Extended Stanford Type-A Aortic Dissection with Multivessel Coronary and Peripheral Artery Involvement: An Autopsy Case Report
by Maria Alexandri, Maria Tsellou, Nikolaos Goutas, Konstantina Galani and Stavroula Papadodima
Healthcare 2023, 11(3), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030386 - 29 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1171
Abstract
We report the case of a 64-year-old male who died suddenly short after his admission to hospital because of strong chest pain and before any clinical diagnosis was established. His medical history included coronary disease with coronary by-pass surgery at the age of [...] Read more.
We report the case of a 64-year-old male who died suddenly short after his admission to hospital because of strong chest pain and before any clinical diagnosis was established. His medical history included coronary disease with coronary by-pass surgery at the age of 40 years old, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and elevated levels of cholesterol. The autopsy revealed quite a rare case of Stanford A aortic dissection with extension to the common and internal carotid arteries; the subclavian, axillary, brachial, and radial arteries; three coronary arteries; the superior mesenteric artery; and the iliac arteries. There was no histological evidence of aortitis or connective tissue disease. The death did not result from the rupture of the aortic dissection, but from myocardial ischemia due to coronary occlusion in combination with hemodynamic disturbance from stress caused by the extended aortic dissection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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13 pages, 928 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of Depression on the Functional Outcome of the Elderly Stroke Victim from a Gender Perspective: A Systematic Review
by María Salud Franco-Urbano, María del Carmen Rodríguez-Martínez and Patricia García-Pérez
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 2110; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102110 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this systematic review focused on analyzing the impact of depression on the functional outcome of the elderly stroke victim and how this disorder affects both the female and the male population. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The aim of this systematic review focused on analyzing the impact of depression on the functional outcome of the elderly stroke victim and how this disorder affects both the female and the male population. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered in PROSPERO (ID 346284). The systematic search for clinical trials was performed in the databases Pubmed, Otseeker, Scopus, Web of Science, Psycinfo, Medline Complete, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Dialnet. Articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including those dealing with post-stroke depression in adults whose psychological status had changed. Studies that only assessed the psychological state of caregivers were excluded. (3) Results: In total, 609 articles were identified, of which 11 randomized controlled trials were finally included in the review. The results indicate that post-stroke depression influences the recovery of functionality and quality of life. In addition, the need to detect the mood of the adult population after the stroke and to provide individualized treatment according to the characteristics of the person is highlighted. (4) Conclusions: This systematic review shows how early detection of post-stroke depressive symptoms can improve the degree of disability and quality of life of the person, especially in women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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10 pages, 3431 KiB  
Case Report
Paroxysmal Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia with Cardiac Arrest and Myocardial Infarction in 29-Year-Old Man Addicted to Medical Marijuana—It Never Rains but It Pours
by Jerzy Wiliński, Anna Skwarek, Iwona Chrzan, Aleksander Zeliaś, Radosław Borek, Dominika Elżbieta Dykla, Maria Bober-Fotopoulos and Dariusz Dudek
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 2024; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102024 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
This article presents the case of a 29-year-old male patient, addicted to prescribed medical marijuana administered for mixed anxiety and depressive disorder and without classic cardiovascular risk factors and history of myocarditis, suffering from episodes of paroxysmal hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia. Cardiovascular magnetic [...] Read more.
This article presents the case of a 29-year-old male patient, addicted to prescribed medical marijuana administered for mixed anxiety and depressive disorder and without classic cardiovascular risk factors and history of myocarditis, suffering from episodes of paroxysmal hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of the heart revealed disseminated non-ischemic myocardial injury lesions of subepicardial and intramuscular location. Additionally, the individual experienced myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation following marijuana intake. Treatment required implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator and ablation of the myocardial areas responsible for the origin of the arrhythmia, as well as appropriate pharmacotherapy and marijuana addiction treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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