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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 8274

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shane D. Sanders

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Guest Editor

Falk College of Sport & Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
Interests: security studies; international security; international relations theory; peace & conflict studies; economic theory; applied microeconomics; conflict resolution; international politics; games; economic analysis

Dr. Bhavneet Walia

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Guest Editor

Falk College’s Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
Interests: health care markets and policy; early childhood development; environmental health; labor market policy

Dr. Christopher J. Boudreaux

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Guest Editor

Department of Economics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Interests: entrepreneurship; innovation; the economic analysis of public policy issues

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, behavioral economics research has extended to applications at the intersection of sport and public health. Notably, seminal studies in this literature examine the unintended consequences of safety regulation in Nascar and Formula 1 racing (O’Roark and Wood 2004; Sobel and Nesbit 2007; Potter 2011), psychologically motivated crowd effects upon game performance that reveal relationships between social-environmental factors and performance (Bryson, Dolton, Reade, Schreyer, and Singleton 2021; Smith and Groetzinger 2010; Boudreaux, Sanders, and Walia 2017), survivorship effects that suggest idiosyncratic relationships between game/practice exposure and early mortality risk (e.g., from neurodegenerative disease) among former NFL players (Ehrlich, Kmush, Walia, and Sanders 2019), and public sport/exercise participation effects of major, visible sporting events (Ramchandani, Coleman, and Christy 2019; Veal, Toohey, and Frawley 2019).

This Special Issue seeks to extend the extant literature in the growing field of behavioral sports economics along these and new lines. In doing so, the Issue hopes to motivate steps toward a fuller, more societally impactful understanding as to the relationships between sport and public health. Successful articles for the Issue will follow a methodology that falls broadly within the behavioral economics paradigm. This paradigm holds that we do not live in a neat world in which agents always optimize such that we are free of unintended consequences and unexpected results. In fact, our world is more complex and interesting, including as it relates to the interaction between sport and public health. Successful articles will also treat a topic at the intersection of sport and public health using an empirical approach. Papers that extend an existing topic in the field in a meaningful way will be considered, as well as papers that break a new topic in the field.

References:

Boudreaux, C. J., Sanders, S. D., & Walia, B. (2017). A natural experiment to determine the crowd effect upon home court advantage. Journal of Sports Economics, 18(7), 737-749.

Bryson, A., Dolton, P., Reade, J. J., Schreyer, D., & Singleton, C. (2021). Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19. Economics Letters, 198, 109664.

Ehrlich, J., Kmush, B., Walia, B., & Sanders, S. (2019). Mortality risk factors among National Football League players: An analysis using player career data. F1000Research, 8.

O'Roark, J. B., & Wood, W. C. (2004). Safety at the racetrack: Results of restrictor plates in superspeedway competition. Southern Economic Journal, 118-129.

Potter, J. M. (2011). Estimating the offsetting effects of driver behavior in response to safety regulation: The case of formula one racing. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 7(3).

Ramchandani, G., Coleman, R., & Christy, E. (2019). The sport participation legacy of major events in the UK. Health promotion international, 34(1), 82-94.

Smith, E. E., & Groetzinger, J. D. (2010). Do fans matter? The effect of attendance on the outcomes of major league baseball games. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 6(1).

Sobel, R. S., & Nesbit, T. M. (2007). Automobile safety regulation and the incentive to drive recklessly: Evidence from NASCAR. Southern Economic Journal, 71-84.

Veal, A. J., Toohey, K., & Frawley, S. (2012). The sport participation legacy of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and other international sporting events hosted in Australia. Journal of policy research in tourism, leisure and events, 4(2), 155-184.

Prof. Dr. Shane D. Sanders
Dr. Bhavneet Walia
Dr. Christopher J. Boudreaux
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Research

19 pages, 2270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Bedouin Syndrome in the Football Fan Culture: Addressing the Hooliganism Phenomena through Networks of Violent Behavior

by Thyago Celso Cavalcante Nepomuceno, Victor Diogho Heuer de Carvalho, Lúcio Camara e Silva, Jadielson Alves de Moura and Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159711 (registering DOI) - 6 Aug 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2548

Abstract

The Bedouin syndrome represents social interactions based on four premises: a friend of my friend is my friend, a friend of my enemy is my enemy, an enemy of my friend is my enemy, and an enemy of my enemy is my friend. These extensive associations exist in many social and economic relationships, such as market competition, neighborhood relations, political behavior, student gangs, organized crime, and the violent behavior of sports spectators (hooliganism) worldwide. This work tests the Bedouin syndrome hypothesis considering the violent behavior in the football fan culture. We construct relational networks of social affinities to represent the social interactions of organized fan bases (Torcidas organizadas) involved in hooligan violence in Pernambuco, Brazil. Contrary to prior expectations, the results evidence no statistical support for the Bedouin syndrome in 13 of the 15 analyzed clubs. There is weak statistical support in two interactions and strong statistical support in one interaction to state that a friend of my enemy is my friend (instead of an enemy). The only support for the Bedouin syndrome is circumstantial based on a prior assumption of an alliance. We propose a network development that can be more suitable to represent football fans’ violent behavior. The results contribute to understanding the hooliganism social phenomenon in football-rooted cultures and their impact on public health, identifying potential determinants for organized violence by young spectators’ and supporting police strategies by defining relevance scores for the most potential clashes and coalitions of gangs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Sports Economics in Public Health)

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21 pages, 1021 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Empirical Study of the Behaviors of Korean Golf Travelers Based on the Choice Attributes of Golf Courses in Southeast Asia

by Sheng-Yen Lee and Ryang-Suk Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148648 - 15 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2427

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to understand customer behavior among Korean golf travelers based on the choice attributes of golf courses in Southeast Asia. This study was based on Creswell and Clark’s triangulation design, a mixed-methods research framework that compares the results of quantitative and qualitative investigations. The results of the quantitative study were as follows. ‘H1. Golf course choice attributes will have a positive effect on customer satisfaction’ was partially accepted. Among choice attributes, course management, price, operations management, and lodgings had an effect on customer satisfaction. ‘H2. Customer satisfaction will have a positive effect on intention to revisit’ was accepted. ‘H3. Customer satisfaction will have a mediation effect on the relationship between intention to revisit, and golf course choice attributes’ was partially accepted. Among choice attributes, customer satisfaction only showed a mediating effect in the relationship of intention to revisit with course management and price. The novelty of this study is that we performed mixed-methods research, which has not been carried out in previous studies. Furthermore, we conducted in-depth interviews only with golfers who visited courses in South Asia, selected based on their duration and purpose of the visit. The results of the qualitative study were compared with those of the quantitative study to provide empirical evidence that can be used to help domestic golf travel industry and golf courses in Southeast Asia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Sports Economics in Public Health)

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12 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Age at League Entry and Early All-Cause Mortality among National Football League Players

by Bhavneet Walia, Brittany L. Kmush, Justin Ehrlich, Madeline Mackowski and Shane Sanders

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13356; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413356 - 18 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2323

Abstract

Background: A growing body of research suggests that American football players are exposed to higher cumulative head impact risk as competition level rises. Related literature finds that head impacts absorbed by youth, adolescent, and emerging adult players are associated with elevated risk of long-term health problems (e.g., neurodegenerative disease onset). Most National Football League (NFL) players enter the League as emerging adults (18–24 years old), a period of continued cognitive and overall physical development. However, no prior research has studied the effect of age-at-entry on long-term NFL player health. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study assesses whether early NFL player age-at-entry is associated with increased risk of early all-cause mortality, controlling for player position, BMI, year-of-entry, birth year, and NFL Draft round (expected ability upon League entry). Study Design: This retrospective cohort study included 9049 players who entered the NFL from 1970–2017 and subsequently played at least one game. The variables whether deceased, age-at-death, age-at-entry, and controls were collected from Pro Football Reference website, a leading data site for American football that has been used extensively in the literature. Data collection began on 13 July 2017, and follow-up ended on 1 July 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from 10 March 2020 to 3 August 2020. Data was validated by checking a large sub-sample of data points against alternative sources such as NFL.com and NFLsavant.com. Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine variation in death hazard by NFL player age-at-entry, conditional upon a full set of controls. Results: Conditional on controls, Cox regression results indicate that a one-year increase in age-at-entry was significantly associated with a 14% decreased hazard-of-death (H.R., 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.98). Among relatively young entering players, the increased hazard appears to be concentrated in the first quartile of players by age at League entry (20.2 to 22.3 years). Players not in this quartile exhibited a decreased hazard-of-death (H.R., 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.97) compared with players who entered at a relatively young (first quartile) age. Conclusion: An earlier age-at-entry is associated with an increased hazard-of-death among NFL players. Currently, the NFL regulates age-at-entry only indirectly by requiring players to be 3 years removed from high school before becoming NFL Draft-eligible. Implementing a minimum age at entry for NFL players of 22 years and 4 months at beginning of season is expected to result in reduced mortality. What is known about this subject? There are no prior studies on the effects of NFL player age-at-entry on early mortality risk. What this study adds to existing knowledge: This study determines whether entering the NFL at an age of physical and physiological development is related to early mortality risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behavioral Sports Economics in Public Health)

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