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The Human Microbiome and Its Role in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 5883

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Interests: gut microbiome; prescription opioid; IBD; colon cancer and HIV

Special Issue Information

A topical collection pertaining to the microbiome and its role in human health and disease is being organized in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. For detailed information on the journal, I refer you to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph. The human microbiome (made up of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms) is the subject of significant amounts of research, and much attention has been given to the impact of the microbiome on homeostasis and disease. Imbalanced microbiota play a direct or indirect role in many diseases, and the restoration of microbiota may have the ability to improve human health. While some scientists focus on the characterization of the microbiome and an understanding of its functional consequences, others work to uncover the role of microbes in important metabolic pathways or immunomodulatory mechanisms that might significantly affect human health. Advances in sequencing technologies and the development of more robust metagenomic databases greatly contribute to the expansion of this field of research. This Special Issue seeks to improve the understanding of microbial balance, dysbiosis, metabolic pathways, host signaling pathways, and host–microbial interaction in health and disease conditions. This topical collection is open to researchers concerned with the microbiome and its role in human health and disease. The keywords listed below provide an outline of some of the possible areas of interest. We invite investigators to contribute original research articles, review articles and short-communications on human microbiota and related diseases. Manuscripts based on in vitro, animal, and human studies can be submitted to this Special Issue.


Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Human microbiota in health and disease;
  2. Microbial dysbiosis and its impact on the severity of diseases;
  3. Altered microbiota and its impact on disease treatment;
  4. The effect of changes in microbiota on metabolic pathways;
  5. Host-microbial interaction in relation to health and disease.

Dr. Umakant Sharma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome 
  • homeostasis 
  • microbial ecology 
  • dysbiosis
  • microbial pathogenesis 
  • metabolic pathways 
  • antibiotic resistance 
  • virulence

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2496 KiB  
Article
Microbiome of Unilateral Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Controlled Paired Analysis
by Sang Chul Park, Il-Ho Park, Joong Seob Lee, Sung Min Park, Sung Hun Kang, Seok-Min Hong, Soo-Hwan Byun, Yong Gi Jung and Seok Jin Hong
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9878; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189878 - 19 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
The sinonasal microbiota in human upper airway may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in patients with unilateral CRS, and compare the sinonasal microbiome of the unilateral diseased site with [...] Read more.
The sinonasal microbiota in human upper airway may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in patients with unilateral CRS, and compare the sinonasal microbiome of the unilateral diseased site with that of a contralateral healthy site. Thirty samples, 15 each from the diseased and healthy sites, were collected from the middle meatus and/or anterior ethmoid region of 15 patients with unilateral CRS during endoscopic sinus surgery. DNA extraction and bacterial microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were then performed. Corynebacterium showed the highest relative abundance, followed by Staphylococcus in samples from both the diseased and healthy sites. Further, the relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were significantly lower in samples from diseased sites than in those from healthy sites. Conversely, anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Propionibacterium, were abundantly present in samples from both sites, more so in samples from diseased sites. However, the sites showed no significant difference with respect to richness or diversity (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that CRS might be a polymicrobial infection, and also suggest that Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus may exist as commensals on the sinus mucosal surface in the upper respiratory tract. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Human Microbiome and Its Role in Health and Disease)
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Review

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18 pages, 713 KiB  
Review
WORKbiota: A Systematic Review about the Effects of Occupational Exposure on Microbiota and Workers’ Health
by Nicola Mucci, Eleonora Tommasi, Annarita Chiarelli, Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli, Veronica Traversini, Raymond Paul Galea and Giulio Arcangeli
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031043 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3011 | Correction
Abstract
The characterization of human microbiota and the impact of its modifications on the health of individuals represent a current topic of great interest for the world scientific community. Scientific evidence is emerging regarding the role that microbiota has in the onset of important [...] Read more.
The characterization of human microbiota and the impact of its modifications on the health of individuals represent a current topic of great interest for the world scientific community. Scientific evidence is emerging regarding the role that microbiota has in the onset of important chronic illnesses. Since individuals spend most of their life at work, occupational exposures may have an impact on the organism’s microbiota. The purpose of this review is to explore the influence that different occupational exposures have on human microbiota in order to set a new basis for workers’ health protection and disease prevention. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. A total of 5818 references emerged from the online search, and 31 articles were included in the systematic review (26 original articles and 5 reviews). Exposure to biological agents (in particular direct contact with animals) was the most occupational risk factor studied, and it was found involved in modifications of the microbiota of workers. Changes in microbiota were also found in workers exposed to chemical agents or subjected to work-related stress and altered dietary habits caused by specific microclimate characteristics or long trips. Two studies evaluated the role of microbiota changes on the development of occupational lung diseases. Occupational factors can interface with the biological rhythms of the bacteria of the microbiota and can contribute to its modifications and to the possible development of diseases. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of the microbiota and its connection with occupational exposure to promote projects for the prevention and protection of global health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Human Microbiome and Its Role in Health and Disease)
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