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Increasing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in 21st Century: Current Status...
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Increasing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11734

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Khaled Qanud

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA
2. College of Mount Saint Vincent, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA
Interests: clinical anesthesiology; molecular medicine; cardiovascular physiology; heart disease; metabolic disorders
Dr. Ankit Gilani

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
Interests: inflammatory diseases; cardiovascular pharmacology; pharmacokinetics; experimental pharmacology; pharmacodynamics; autoimmunity; multiple sclerosis; hypertension; blood pressure; renal

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the time of the first open heart procedure in 1954, several medical innovations and public health interventions have consistently led to increasingly effective ways to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and improve cardiovascular health. This has resulted in a significant and unprecedented reduction in age-adjusted mortality rates from CVD in the past 50 years. Despite this progress, CVD remains the leading cause of deaths globally, accounting for roughly 17 million deaths per year, and is estimated to reach over 23.6 million deaths per year by 2030. The current dire status of CVDs associated mortality trends is mainly due to the failure in care delivery and the alarming upsurge in rates of obesity, diabetes, and other risk factors. Moreover, the cost of cardiovascular care is also increasing tremendously, posing a significant healthcare burden. The current status of increased prevalence of CVD reflects multiple missed opportunities to improve cardiovascular care and avoid unnecessary costs. Future CVD care challenges include risk factor modifications, improving patient engagement and involvement, diagnostic accuracy, adherence, and proper use of the first-line treatments, and a better utilization of supportive services. In this Special Issue, we would like to address new findings that address the status of CVDs in different demographics, shed light on factors impacting the increasing prevalence and challenges that lie ahead.

Dr. Khaled Qanud
Dr. Ankit Gilani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • global health
  • cardiovascular epidemiology
  • heart diseases
  • hypertension
  • arrhythmia
  • myocardial infarction
  • hyperlipidemia
  • metabolic syndrome

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 964 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Syndrome in Fasting and Non-Fasting Participants: The UAE Healthy Future Study
by Fatima Mezhal, Amar Ahmad, Abdishakur Abdulle, Andrea Leinberger-Jabari, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Abdulla AlJunaibi, Abdulla Alnaeemi, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Eiman AlZaabi, Fatma Al-Maskari, Fatme AlAnouti, Habiba Alsafar, Juma Alkaabi, Laila Abdel Wareth, Mai Aljaber, Marina Kazim, Manal Alblooshi, Mohammad Al-Houqani, Mohammad Hag Ali, Naima Oumeziane, Omar El-Shahawy, Rami H. Al-Rifai, Scott Sherman, Syed M. Shah, Tom Loney, Wael Almahmeed, Youssef Idaghdour, Luai A. Ahmed and Raghib Aliadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113757 - 22 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3261
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiplex of risk factors that predispose people to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), two of the major non-communicable diseases that contribute to mortality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). MetS guidelines require the testing [...] Read more.
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiplex of risk factors that predispose people to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), two of the major non-communicable diseases that contribute to mortality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). MetS guidelines require the testing of fasting samples, but there are evidence-based suggestions that non-fasting samples are also reliable for CVD-related screening measures. In this study, we aimed to estimate MetS and its components in a sample of young Emiratis using HbA1c as another glycemic marker. We also aimed to estimate the associations of some known CVD risk factors with MetS in our population. Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of 5161 participants from the UAE Healthy Future Study (UAEHFS). MetS was identified using the NCEP ATP III criteria, with the addition of HbA1c as another glycemic indicator. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c were used either individually or combined to identify the glycemic component of MetS, based on the fasting status. Multivariate regression analysis was used to test for associations of selected social and behavioral factors with MetS. Results: Our sample included 3196 men and 1965 women below the age of 40 years. Only about 21% of the sample were fasting at the time of recruitment. The age-adjusted prevalence of MetS was estimated as 22.7% in males and 12.5% in females. MetS prevalence was not statistically different after substituting FBG by HbA1c in the fasting groups (p > 0.05). Age, increased body mass index (BMI), and family history of any metabolic abnormality and/or heart disease were consistently strongly associated with MetS. Conclusion: MetS is highly prevalent in our sample of young Emirati adults. Our data showed that HbA1c may be an acceptable tool to test for the glycemic component of MetS in non-fasting samples. We found that the most relevant risk factors for predicting the prevalence of MetS were age, BMI, and family history. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Increasing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges)
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Review

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26 pages, 1449 KiB  
Review
Challenges and Burdens in the Coronary Artery Disease Care Pathway for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Contemporary Narrative Review
by Monika Kodeboina, Kerstin Piayda, Inge Jenniskens, Pearl Vyas, Sara Chen, Ramon Julian Pesigan, Nicole Ferko, Barkha P. Patel, Annamaria Dobrin, Jayson Habib and Jennifer Franke
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5633; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095633 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3696
Abstract
Clinical and economic burdens exist within the coronary artery disease (CAD) care pathway despite advances in diagnosis and treatment and the increasing utilization of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, research presenting a comprehensive assessment of the challenges across this pathway is scarce. This [...] Read more.
Clinical and economic burdens exist within the coronary artery disease (CAD) care pathway despite advances in diagnosis and treatment and the increasing utilization of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, research presenting a comprehensive assessment of the challenges across this pathway is scarce. This contemporary review identifies relevant studies related to inefficiencies in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of CAD, including clinician, patient, and economic burdens. Studies demonstrating the benefits of integration and automation within the catheterization laboratory and across the CAD care pathway were also included. Most studies were published in the last 5–10 years and focused on North America and Europe. The review demonstrated multiple potentially avoidable inefficiencies, with a focus on access, appropriate use, conduct, and follow-up related to PCI. Inefficiencies included misdiagnosis, delays in emergency care, suboptimal testing, longer procedure times, risk of recurrent cardiac events, incomplete treatment, and challenges accessing and adhering to post-acute care. Across the CAD pathway, this review revealed that high clinician burnout, complex technologies, radiation, and contrast media exposure, amongst others, negatively impact workflow and patient care. Potential solutions include greater integration and interoperability between technologies and systems, improved standardization, and increased automation to reduce burdens in CAD and improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Increasing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges)
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16 pages, 731 KiB  
Review
Disparities in Prevalence and Barriers to Hypertension Control: A Systematic Review
by Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Manar Mosaad, Doaa H Abdelaziz, Noha O. Mansour, Abubakar Usman, Mahmoud E. Elrggal and Ejaz Cheema
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14571; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114571 - 6 Nov 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4066
Abstract
Controlling hypertension (HTN) remains a challenge, as it is affected by various factors in different settings. This study aimed to describe the disparities in the prevalence and barriers to hypertension control across countries of various income categories. Three scholarly databases—ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google [...] Read more.
Controlling hypertension (HTN) remains a challenge, as it is affected by various factors in different settings. This study aimed to describe the disparities in the prevalence and barriers to hypertension control across countries of various income categories. Three scholarly databases—ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar—were systematically examined using predefined search terms to identify potentially relevant studies. Original research articles published in English between 2011 and 2022 that reported the prevalence and barriers to HTN control were included. A total of 33 studies were included in this systematic review. Twenty-three studies were conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), and ten studies were from high-income countries (HIC). The prevalence of hypertension control in the LMIC and HIC studies ranged from (3.8% to 50.4%) to (36.3% to 69.6%), respectively. Concerning barriers to hypertension control, patient-related barriers were the most frequently reported (n = 20), followed by medication adherence barriers (n = 10), lifestyle-related barriers (n = 8), barriers related to the affordability and accessibility of care (n = 8), awareness-related barriers (n = 7), and, finally, barriers related to prescribed pharmacotherapy (n = 6). A combination of more than one category of barriers was frequently encountered, with 59 barriers reported overall across the 33 studies. This work reported disparities in hypertension control and barriers across studies conducted in LMIC and HIC. Recognizing the multifactorial nature of the barriers to hypertension control, particularly in LMIC, is crucial in designing and implementing customized interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Increasing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges)
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