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Role of Dietary Patterns in Preventing Obesity: Issues and Challenges
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Role of Dietary Patterns in Preventing Obesity: Issues and Challenges

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 5396

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Adelia Bovell-Benjamin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
Interests: recommended dietary guidelines; dietary transition; dietary patterns in rural and urban communities; dietary transition in indigenous communities; obesity; dietary patterns in rural, urban and indigenous communities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity, a preventable condition, is a serious global public health threat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity has increased almost three-fold since 1975. From a global standpoint, WHO reported that in 2016 more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight: more than 650 million of them were classed as obese. Additionally, over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 were considered overweight or obese in 2016. In terms of children under five years, 39 million were overweight or obese in 2020.

Diet is a modifiable risk factor for obesity, and better understanding of dietary patterns and their relation to obesity could play a role in reduction and prevention policies and interventions. Dietary patterns have been defined as the quantities, proportions, variety or combination of different foods, drinks and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed. Dietary patterns have universally shifted over the last few centuries from being more nutritious and traditional to being characterized by high fat, high sodium, high sugar, being energy-dense and having low fiber content, which is linked to an increased risk of obesity.

This Special Issue seeks papers that address this topic, especially those focused on culture-specific dietary patterns and obesity, changing dietary patterns and obesity, eating patterns to prevent obesity, relation between adherence to recommended dietary patterns and obesity, etc.

Prof. Dr. Adelia Bovell-Benjamin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • recommended dietary guidelines, dietary transition, dietary patterns in rural and urban communities
  • dietary transition in indigenous communities
  • obesity, and dietary patterns in rural, urban and indigenous communities

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 589 KiB  
Article
Changes in Food Consumption, BMI, and Body Composition in Youth in the US during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Nasreen Moursi, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Megan Parker, Lucy Loch, Bess Bloomer, Jennifer Te-Vazquez, Ejike Nwosu, Julia Lazareva, Shanna B. Yang, Sara Turner, Sheila Brady and Jack Yanovski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(18), 6796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186796 - 21 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1129
Abstract
Rates of childhood overweight/obesity have risen for decades; however, data show the prevalence increased at a faster rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-associated increases in youth’s body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) have been attributed to decreases in reported physical activity; few [...] Read more.
Rates of childhood overweight/obesity have risen for decades; however, data show the prevalence increased at a faster rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-associated increases in youth’s body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) have been attributed to decreases in reported physical activity; few studies have examined changes in food intake. We therefore examined changes in total energy, nutrient consumption, BMI, BMIz, and adiposity longitudinally over 3 years, comparing healthy youth aged 8–17 years assessed twice prior to the pandemic, to youth seen once before and once during the pandemic. The total energy intake and percent macronutrient consumption were assessed using a standardized, laboratory-based, buffet-style meal. Height and weight were measured and adiposity was collected via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear model univariate analyses investigated differences between groups. One-hundred-fifteen youth (15.6 + 2.8 years 47.8% female; 54.8% White) from the Washington D.C., Maryland, and Virginia greater metropolitan area participated. In this secondary analysis, neither changes in total energy intake (p = 0.52) nor changes in nutrient consumption were significantly different between the two groups (ps = 0.23–0.83). Likewise, changes in BMI, BMIz, and adiposity (ps = 0.95–0.25) did not differ by group. Further research should investigate food intake and body composition, comparing youth with and without overweight/obesity to better identify those at greatest risk of excess weight gain during the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dietary Patterns in Preventing Obesity: Issues and Challenges)
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14 pages, 1132 KiB  
Article
Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
by Brenda Jazmín Flores-Moreno, Gloria Martínez-Andrade, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, América Liliana Miranda-Lora, Brenda Beristain-Lujano, Samuel Flores-Huerta, Eugenia Mendoza, Ariana Mayorga-Lima, Ximena Duque and Jenny Vilchis-Gil
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811650 - 15 Sep 2022
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Abstract
The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their [...] Read more.
The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The aim was to describe dietary patterns identified in school lunch and their association with the nutritional status and metabolic parameters of schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study on schoolchildren from four elementary schools of Mexico City, we recorded anthropometry measurements, a fasting blood sample was collected, and metabolic parameters were determined. We obtained information on the foods and beverages that children brought for their school lunch; estimated the caloric and nutritional content; and created food groups to obtain dietary patterns from the energy provided by those groups. Among the 350 schoolchildren (mean age, 7.9 ± 1.2 years) included, 24.9% and 21.7% presented having overweight and obesity, respectively. A total of 89.4% of schoolchildren brought the school lunch from home. Using the K-means method, the following four dietary patterns were identified: (1) sandwiches, tortas, and sweetened dairy products were consumed by 13.1% (n = 46) of the schoolchildren; (2) sweet snacks were consumed by 50.3% (n = 176); (3) sweetened dairy products were brought by 15.1% of the children (n = 53); and (4) sandwiches and tortas were brought by 21.4% (n = 75). These four patterns showed significant differences in terms of the caloric and nutritional contents (p < 0.001). Energy sources in the identified patterns were primarily sugars (15.8–40%). No association was found between the anthropometric and metabolic parameters of children and the dietary patterns. No dietary pattern obtained from the school lunch could be considered as healthy, since all of them had high energy content, and a high percentage of the energy was from sugars from ultra-processed foods and beverages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dietary Patterns in Preventing Obesity: Issues and Challenges)
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10 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Dietary Quality and Perceived Barriers to Weight Loss among Older Overweight Veterans with Dysmobility
by Elizabeth A. Parker, William J. Perez, Brian Phipps, Alice S. Ryan, Steven J. Prior, Leslie Katzel, Monica C. Serra and Odessa Addison
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159153 - 27 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Healthier diets are associated with higher muscle mass and physical performance which may reduce the risk of developing frailty and disability later in life. This study examined the dietary quality and self-reported weight loss barriers among older (>60 years), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 [...] Read more.
Healthier diets are associated with higher muscle mass and physical performance which may reduce the risk of developing frailty and disability later in life. This study examined the dietary quality and self-reported weight loss barriers among older (>60 years), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) Veterans with dysmobility (low gait speed, impaired mobility diagnosis, or a comorbidity that results in impaired mobility). Habitual dietary intake and healthy eating index (HEI-2015) were assessed using 24-h recalls and compared to US nationally representative dietary intake data and national recommendations. The “MOVE!11” Patient Questionnaire assessed weight loss barriers. The sample (n = 28) was primarily male (93%), black (54%) and obese (BMI = 35.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2) adults aged 69.5 ± 7.0 years with two or more comorbidities (82%); 82% were prescribed four or more medications. Daily intakes (mean ± SD) were calculated for total energy (2184 ± 645 kcals), protein (0.89 ± 0.3 g/kg), fruits (0.84 ± 0.94 cup·eq.), vegetables (1.30 ± 0.87 cup·eq.), and HEI-2015 (52.8 ± 13.4). Veterans consumed an average of 11% less protein than the recommendation for older adults (1.0 g/kg/d) and consumed fewer fruits and vegetables than comparisons to national averages (18% and 21%, respectively). Mean HEI-2015 was 17% below the national average for adults >65 years, suggesting poor dietary quality among our sample. Top weight loss barriers were not getting enough physical activity, eating too much and poor food choices. This data suggests that dietary quality is suboptimal in older, overweight Veterans with disability and highlights the need to identify strategies that improve the dietary intake quality of older Veterans who may benefit from obesity and disability management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dietary Patterns in Preventing Obesity: Issues and Challenges)
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