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Disparities in Primary Health Care in Rural versus Urban Areas

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Care Sciences & Services".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 7444

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Independent Researcher, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
2. DSJ Consulting Services LLC, 7510 Redland Park Pl, Derwood, MD 20855, USA
3. Previously Affiliated with US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MA 20857, USA
4. Previously Affiliated with US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, MD 21244, USA
5. Previously affiliated with Maryland Health Resources Planning Commission, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
Interests: hospital quality of care; patient access to care; spatial access to hospital care; socioeconomic and racial disparities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many of the inequities in health result from a wide range of social, economic, and political circumstances or factors that differentially affect the distribution of health within a population. Some of the issues in rural primary care have been addressed in previous research. Although there is fragmented work on primary health care, no comprehensive evaluation has been made to date on the socioeconomic disparities affecting rural versus urban primary health care. The study of disparities in primary care is imperative since research has shown that primary care may reduce the negative health effects of economic inequality on health and mortality, especially in areas where income inequality is the highest.

An examination of the primary care system should begin by looking at both supply and demand issues in health care as it currently exists. On the supply side, one needs to evaluate health care resource supplies in rural versus urban regions. Equally important as the supply side, on the demand side one should seek to understand behavioral differences associated with healthcare use, stratified by socioeconomic status, such as age, race, income, and gender.

The purpose of this call for papers is to theoretically address these issues comprehensively and to report results from empirical work based on rural areas.

Dr. Jayasree (Joy) Basu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • primary care
  • disparities
  • socioeconomic factors
  • rural areas
  • urban area
  • access to care

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 264 KiB  
Editorial
Research on Disparities in Primary Health Care in Rural versus Urban Areas: Select Perspectives
by Jayasree Basu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127110 - 10 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
Much of the differences in health care outcomes can be attributed to the differential rates of primary health care utilization and resource allocation across population subgroups [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disparities in Primary Health Care in Rural versus Urban Areas)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 4511 KiB  
Article
Generating Trust in Participatory Research on Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria: A Study with Rural Community Gatekeepers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Nurul Athirah Naserrudin, Richard Culleton, Pauline Yong Pau Lin, Sara Elizabeth Baumann, Rozita Hod, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, Kamruddin Ahmed and Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15764; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315764 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2528
Abstract
Background: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria is a zoonotic infection that affects rural communities in South East Asia. Although the epidemiology of the disease has been extensively researched, the voices of individuals within affected communities often go unheard. Here, we describe a study that explores [...] Read more.
Background: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria is a zoonotic infection that affects rural communities in South East Asia. Although the epidemiology of the disease has been extensively researched, the voices of individuals within affected communities often go unheard. Here, we describe a study that explores the importance of gatekeepers in conducting research among rural communities, their perspectives on the challenges encountered when attempting to avoid malaria infection, and their views on participatory research. Methods: Between 1 November 2021 and 28 February 2022, we conducted a study in Kudat district, Sabah, using a multi-method design. All participants consented to the study, which included health care workers (HCWs) (n = 5), community leaders (n = 8), and faith leaders (n = 1). We conducted interviews, transect walks, and observations with gatekeepers to ensure data trustworthiness. All interviews were conducted in the Sabah Malay dialect. The sessions were audio- and video-recorded, transcribed into English and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Between 2017 and 2021, the number of cases of P. knowlesi malaria detected in humans ranged from 35 to 87 in villages under the care of the Lotong primary health care clinic. The challenges in controlling malaria include social norms, lifestyles, socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, and limitations of basic resources. Critical discussions regarding participation with the gatekeepers identified that face-to-face interviews were preferable to online discussions, and influenced willingness to participate in future research. Conclusion: This study was conducted among village gatekeepers during the COVID-19 pandemic and generated information to drive methodological changes, opening up new ideas by sharing perspectives on challenges in P. knowlesi malaria control among vulnerable communities. The study generated trust in the community and expanded knowledge regarding participation that is critical for future community-based studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disparities in Primary Health Care in Rural versus Urban Areas)
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24 pages, 10229 KiB  
Article
Rural–Urban Differences in Non-Local Primary Care Utilization among People with Osteoarthritis: The Role of Area-Level Factors
by Xiaoxiao Liu, Judy E. Seidel, Terrence McDonald, Nigel Waters, Alka B. Patel, Rizwan Shahid, Stefania Bertazzon and Deborah A. Marshall
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116392 - 24 May 2022
Viewed by 1825
Abstract
The utilization of non-local primary care physicians (PCP) is a key primary care indicator identified by Alberta Health to support evidence-based healthcare planning. This study aims to identify area-level factors that are significantly associated with non-local PCP utilization and to examine if these [...] Read more.
The utilization of non-local primary care physicians (PCP) is a key primary care indicator identified by Alberta Health to support evidence-based healthcare planning. This study aims to identify area-level factors that are significantly associated with non-local PCP utilization and to examine if these associations vary between rural and urban areas. We examined rural–urban differences in the associations between non-local PCP utilization and area-level factors using multivariate linear regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. Global Moran’s I and Gi* hot spot analyses were applied to identify spatial autocorrelation and hot spots/cold spots of non-local PCP utilization. We observed significant rural–urban differences in the non-local PCP utilization. Both GWR and multivariate linear regression model identified two significant factors (median travel time and percentage of low-income families) with non-local PCP utilization in both rural and urban areas. Discontinuity of care was significantly associated with non-local PCP in the southwest, while the percentage of people having university degree was significant in the north of Alberta. This research will help identify gaps in the utilization of local primary care and provide evidence for health care planning by targeting policies at associated factors to reduce gaps in OA primary care provision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disparities in Primary Health Care in Rural versus Urban Areas)
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