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Effects of Physical Training on Anthropometrics, Physical and Physiological Capacities
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Effects of Physical Training on Anthropometrics, Physical and Physiological Capacities

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 15878

Special Issue Editors

Dr. María Concepción Robles-Gil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
Interests: hormonal analysis; sports medicine; sport physiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jesús Siquier Coll

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Center for Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Affiliated to Comillas Pontifical University, 07013 Palma, Spain
Interests: heat stress; heat acclimation; performance optimization; physiological adaptions; trace elements; health; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ignacio Bartolomé

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: exercise physiology; thermal physiology; endurance training; strength training; exercise nutrition; heat stress and exercise; trance and toxic minerals and exercise
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical training triggers acute and chronic effects on the human organism. These effects produce impacts on anthropometric, physiological and physical capacities. At the anthropometric level, numerous beneficial changes occur, such as an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in fat mass, as well as improving bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Similarly, adaptations to training lead to improvements in physical capacities, enhancing the status of the athlete, or that of a person aiming to enhance their health, and aiming to improve their performance. Thus, there are physiological alterations that could help to elucidate the reasons for changes in different systems, such as the cardiorespiratory system, cardiovascular system, thermoregulatory system or endocrine system. In this sense, acute and chronic effects could be understood in a comprehensive way, and new training methodologies for the optimization of physical performance and health could be developed.

There are currently new areas of research to be explored in the aforementioned capacities. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to unveil novel studies in these areas, where research can offer new training tools applicable to the improvement of sport performance and optimization, and the enhancement of health.

Dr. María Concepción Robles-Gil
Dr. Jesús Siquier Coll
Dr. Ignacio Bartolomé
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical training
  • anthropometry
  • physical capacities
  • physiological capacities

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 8563 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Specific Field-Based Physical Fitness Test Results and Selected Health Biomarkers in College-Aged Males: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Pablo Prieto-González
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14498; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114498 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1672
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between specific field-based physical fitness test results and selected health biomarkers in college-aged males. Method: A total of 390 males participated in this research. The association between fitness test scores and anthropometric and health variables [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between specific field-based physical fitness test results and selected health biomarkers in college-aged males. Method: A total of 390 males participated in this research. The association between fitness test scores and anthropometric and health variables were examined. The fitness tests conducted were: Sit-and-reach test (S&R), standing long jump test (SLJ), Shuttle run test (SHR), and 20 m Multistage Fitness Test (BT) to estimate the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). The anthropometric and health variables assessed were: Weight (WE), height (HE), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (FAT), lean body mass (LBM), abdominal Girth (AG), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), oxygen saturation (SPO2), average blood pressure (A-BP), double product (DP), and fasting blood glucose (GLU). Results: S&R presented a weak significant correlation with SLJ, VO2max, and AG. SLJ maintained weak to moderate significant correlations with S&R, SHR, VO2max, HE, WE, LBM, WHR, BMI, FAT, AG, SBP, DBP, A-BP, DP, and GLU. SHR presented weak to moderate significant correlations with SLJ, VO2max, WE, BMI, AG, FAT, HE, SBP, DP, and GLU. VO2max maintained weak to moderate correlations with S&R, SLJ, SHR, WE, BMI, FAT, LBM, AG, and DP. Weak to moderate correlations were found between anthropometric and health variables, whereas the anthropometric variables presented significant correlations with each other, ranging from weak to very strong. Fitness test results presented weak to moderate correlations among themselves. Conclusion: SLJ and SHR present weak to moderate validity to predict the selected anthropometric markers and weak to predict the selected health indicators except for SPO2. VO2max has only weak validity to predict the selected anthropometric markers, whereas S&R is not valid to predict the selected health or anthropometric markers. Anthropometric measurements have weak validity in predicting the selected health markers. BMI and AG are valid, simple, and economical measurements to assess body fat. A positive interaction between the results obtained in the field-based fitness tests conducted was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Training on Anthropometrics, Physical and Physiological Capacities)
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11 pages, 1089 KiB  
Article
Associations between Motives for Physical Exercise, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Pablo Galan-Lopez, Isabel Lopez-Cobo, Irene García-Lázaro and Francis Ries
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114128 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
Adolescents’ need for some minimum amount of daily physical exercise has been widely studied so as to assist better health outcomes and to reduce future obesity rates. However, the motivations of adolescents to exercise are less well-known. This manuscript aims to analyze the [...] Read more.
Adolescents’ need for some minimum amount of daily physical exercise has been widely studied so as to assist better health outcomes and to reduce future obesity rates. However, the motivations of adolescents to exercise are less well-known. This manuscript aims to analyze the motives that explain the practice of physical exercise in adolescents and the possible associations with elements of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. For this purpose, the Self-Report of Motives for the Practice of Physical Exercise questionnaire (AMPEF) was administered to 917 students between 13–16 years of age (50.1% girls, 49.9% boys, M age = 14.82) from Seville, Spain. Subscales Ill-Health Avoidance and Positive Health, Revitalization and Enjoyment, Strength and Endurance, and Challenge represent the participants’ main reasons for practicing physical exercise. Associations between BMI and FAT % with the subscales Weight Management and Appearance (direct association) and Revitalization and Enjoyment (inverse association) were found. A direct association between cardiorespiratory fitness and Revitalization and Enjoyment, Competition, Strength, and Endurance and Challenge subscales was found for both genders. Conclusions emphasize the practice of physical exercise in adolescents due to intrinsic motives based on improving their state of health, increasing their levels of strength and endurance (boys), and achieving short-term objectives (girls). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Training on Anthropometrics, Physical and Physiological Capacities)
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11 pages, 858 KiB  
Article
Does Dominant Somatotype Differentiate Performance of Jumping and Sprinting Variables in Young Healthy Adults?
by Fahri Safa Cinarli, Hakan Buyukcelebi, Ozcan Esen, Magdalena Barasinska, Ladislav Cepicka, Tomasz Gabrys, Umut Nalbant and Raci Karayigit
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 11873; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911873 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
The relationship between an athlete’s somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
The relationship between an athlete’s somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant somatotype on sport-specific explosive variables. One hundred and twelve physically active young adults (mean ± standard deviation age: 21.82 ± 3.18 years) were somatotype-rated using the Heath–Carter method. Participants were classified as balanced ectomorph, balanced mesomorph, central, mesomorph-endomorph, and mesomorphic ectomorph. Vertical jump and linear sprint tests were performed to measure peak lower body performance and sprint variables (time, speed, and momentum), respectively. The analysis revealed that balanced mesomorph had significantly higher vertical jump (effect size (ES) = 1.10, p = 0.005) and power to body mass (ES = 1.04, p = 0.023) than mesomorph-endomorph. In addition, balanced mesomorph showed significantly superior performance in 30-m sprint time and velocity than central and mesomorph-endomorph (ES range = 0.93–1, p < 0.05). Finally, balanced ectomorph (ES = 1.12, p = 0.009) and mesomorphic ectomorph (ES = 1.10, p = 0.017) were lower in sprint momentum compared to balanced mesomorphs. In conclusion, this study has shown the importance of the interaction between subtypes and athletic performance. The knowledge gained may be important in identifying those who tend to perform well in sports with explosive power and in prescribing training programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Training on Anthropometrics, Physical and Physiological Capacities)
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17 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
Effects of Running-Specific Strength Training, Endurance Training, and Concurrent Training on Recreational Endurance Athletes’ Performance and Selected Anthropometric Parameters
by Pablo Prieto-González and Jaromir Sedlacek
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10773; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710773 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 9789
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to verify the effects of running-specific strength training alone, endurance training alone, and concurrent training on recreational endurance athletes’ performance and selected anthropometric parameters. Method: Thirty male recreational endurance runners were randomly assigned using a blocking technique to [...] Read more.
Objective: The present study aimed to verify the effects of running-specific strength training alone, endurance training alone, and concurrent training on recreational endurance athletes’ performance and selected anthropometric parameters. Method: Thirty male recreational endurance runners were randomly assigned using a blocking technique to either a running-specific strength training group (RSSTG), an endurance training group (ETG), or a concurrent training group (CTG). RSSTG performed three strength-training sessions per week orientated to running, ETG underwent three endurance sessions per week, and CTG underwent a 3-day-per-week concurrent training program performed on non-consecutive days, alternating the strength and endurance training sessions applied to RSSTG and ETG. The training protocol lasted 12 weeks and was designed using the ATR (Accumulation, Transmutation, Realization) block periodization system. The following assessments were conducted before and after the training protocol: body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), lean mass (LM), countermovement jump (CMJ), 1RM (one-repetition maximum) squat, running economy at 12 and 14 km/h (RE12 and RE14), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and anaerobic threshold (AnT). Results: RSSTG significantly improved the results in CMJ, 1RM squat, RE12, and RE14. ETG significantly improved in RE12, RE14, VO2max, and AnT. Finally, CTG, obtained significant improvements in BFP, LM, CMJ, 1RM squat, RE12, RE14, VO2max, and AnT. RSSTG obtained improvements significantly higher than ETG in CMJ, 1RM squat, and RE14. ETG results were significantly better than those attained by RSSTG in AnT. Moreover, CTG marks were significantly higher than those obtained by ETG in CMJ and RE14. Conclusion: Performing a 12-week concurrent training program integrated into the ATR periodization system effectively improves body composition and performance variables that can be obtained with exclusive running-specific strength and endurance training in recreational runners aged 30 to 40. Running-specific strength training enhances maximum and explosive strength and RE, whereas exclusive endurance training improves VO2max, AnT, and RE. Performing concurrent training on non-consecutive days effectively prevents the strength and endurance adaptations attained with single-mode exercise from being attenuated. The ATR periodization system is useful in improving recreational endurance athletes’ performance parameters, especially when performing concurrent training programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Training on Anthropometrics, Physical and Physiological Capacities)
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