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Physical Activity and Health Costs
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Physical Activity and Health Costs

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 4739

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jamile Sanches Codogno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
Interests: healthcare costs; physical activity; chronic diseases; public healthcare systems

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Estimates from the United States of America indicate that by 2035, cardiovascular diseases will reach ~ 131.2 million people, representing 45% of the population, and that healthcare costs resulting from these diseases will reach USD 1.1 trillion (AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, 2017). It is known that physical activity is a non-pharmacological strategy to prevent and control chronic diseases; consequently, it has been associated with the mitigation of healthcare costs, including indirect costs, such as productive loss. Considering the importance of physical activity in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases, the estimation of its economic burden is an area of increasing importance that requires further development.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between physical activity and healthcare costs around world. New research papers and reviews (mainly meta-analysis) are welcome to this Special Issue.

We will accept manuscripts from different disciplines including health economics, epidemiology, sport sciences, intervention studies, and risk and health impact assessment.

Prof. Dr. Jamile Sanches Codogno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical exercise
  • physical inactivity
  • healthcare costs
  • health economics analyzes
  • chronic diseases
  • sedentary behavior
  • nutritional status

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1264 KiB  
Article
Cost-Effectiveness of Prolonged Physical Activity on Prescription in Previously Non-Complying Patients: Impact of Physical Activity Mediators
by Linda Ryen, Stefan Lundqvist, Åsa Cider, Mats Börjesson, Maria E. H. Larsson and Lars Hagberg
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 3801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053801 - 21 Feb 2023
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Abstract
In Sweden, physical activity on prescription (PAP) is used to support patients in increasing their levels of physical activity (PA). The role of healthcare professionals in supporting PA behavior change requires optimization in terms of knowledge, quality and organization. This study aims to [...] Read more.
In Sweden, physical activity on prescription (PAP) is used to support patients in increasing their levels of physical activity (PA). The role of healthcare professionals in supporting PA behavior change requires optimization in terms of knowledge, quality and organization. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of support from a physiotherapist (PT) compared to continued PAP at a healthcare center (HCC) for patients who remained insufficiently active after 6-month PAP treatment at the HCC. The PT strategy was constituted by a higher follow-up frequency as well as by aerobic physical fitness tests. The analysis was based on an RCT with a three-year time horizon, including 190 patients aged 27–77 with metabolic risk factors. The cost per QALY for the PT strategy compared to the HCC strategy was USD 16,771 with a societal perspective (including individual PA expenses, production loss and time cost for exercise, as well as healthcare resource use) and USD 33,450 with a healthcare perspective (including only costs related to healthcare resource use). Assuming a willingness-to-pay of USD 57,000 for a QALY, the probability of cost-effectiveness for the PT strategy was 0.5 for the societal perspective and 0.6 for the healthcare perspective. Subgroup analyses on cost-effectiveness based on individual characteristics regarding enjoyment, expectations and confidence indicated potential in identifying cost-effective strategies based on mediating factors. However, this needs to be further explored. In conclusion, both PT and HCC interventions are similar from a cost-effectiveness perspective, indicating that both strategies are equally valuable in healthcare’s range of treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Health Costs)
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11 pages, 342 KiB  
Article
Local Governments Spending on Promoting Physical Activity during 2015–2020: Financial Data and the Opinion of Residents in Poland
by Karolina Sobczyk, Mateusz Grajek, Mateusz Rozmiarek and Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912798 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected local governments involved in sports and recreation in designated areas. The unprecedented scale of the spread of the disease has led to increased research in the area of the disease, considering various correlations. However, little has [...] Read more.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected local governments involved in sports and recreation in designated areas. The unprecedented scale of the spread of the disease has led to increased research in the area of the disease, considering various correlations. However, little has been written about the impact of the pandemic on local government spending on recreation and sports services in Poland. Objective: The purpose of the article is to assess the level of local government involvement in the implementation of sports and recreation in Poland compared to other European Union countries, as well as changes in this level in connection with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the opinion of respondents. Methodology: In the study, the data regarding expenditures of local government units on recreational and sporting services collected in the Statistical Office of the European Union (EURO-STAT) for 2015–2020 were used. The survey portion was conducted among 1600 respondents who provided answers on a 5-item scale that addressed local government involvement in promoting physical activity among residents during COVID-19. Results and conclusion: Local government spending on recreational and sporting services in Poland between 2015 and 2019 increased by about 38%, from EUR 1524.7 million in 2015 to EUR 2103.5 million in 2019. This spending in 2019 was about 40% higher than the average for European Union countries. In contrast, in 2020 it amounted to more than EUR 1886 million and was more than 10% lower compared to the previous year (2019)—the pre-pandemic period. Despite the obstacles caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and budgetary constraints, cities in Poland took several measures in 2020 to maintain the current pace of development and strived to maintain the status of modern, green, and open, betting on balanced development also in aspects related to sports or culture. It was shown that the opinion of respondents mostly coincided with the existing financial state—in voivodeships where there had been a decrease in spending related to sports and recreation compared to the pre-pandemic period, residents are worse at assessing the activities of local governments related to promoting physical activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Health Costs)
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14 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Health Promotion Programs Can Mitigate Public Spending on Hospitalizations for Stroke: An Econometric Analysis of the Health Gym Program in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil
by Flávio Renato Barros da Guarda
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12174; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912174 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1464
Abstract
Health promotion programs can reduce morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, as well as public spending on health. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of the Health Gym Program on expenditures on hospitalizations for stroke in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. [...] Read more.
Health promotion programs can reduce morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, as well as public spending on health. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of the Health Gym Program on expenditures on hospitalizations for stroke in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. This public policy impact assessment used an econometric model that combines the difference-in-difference estimator with propensity score matching. Data referring to the health, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of the 185 municipalities in Pernambuco were collected for the period from 2007 to 2019. Validation tests were carried out of the empirical strategy, the estimation of models with fixed effects for multiple periods and validation post-tests, and robustness of the results. In total, US$ 52,141,798.71 was spent on hospitalizations for stroke, corresponding to 4.42% of the expenses on hospitalizations for all causes over the period studied. Municipalities that implemented the Health Gym Program spent 17.85% less on hospitalizations for stroke than municipalities that did not. The findings of this study indicate that the Health Gym Program was effective in reducing expenses with hospitalizations for stroke and that its implementation has the potential to reduce expenses related to rehabilitation, sick leave, and early retirement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Health Costs)
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