International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

13 pages, 339 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Awareness and Needs of Smoking Cessation Services for Female Emotional Laborers, Parcel Delivery Workers, Transportation Workers, and Construction Workers in South Korea

by Dahyeon Lee, Kang-Sook Lee, Haena Kim, Yeonwoo Lee, Mi-Ji Lee, Hyunkyung Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyekyeong Kim and Jakyoung Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15220; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215220 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1740

Abstract

Although South Korea has implemented various smoking cessation services, women who are emotional laborers, as well as parcel delivery, transportation, and construction workers, have poor access to these services. This study evaluated the smoking-related characteristics of workers in these four occupations as well [...] Read more.

Although South Korea has implemented various smoking cessation services, women who are emotional laborers, as well as parcel delivery, transportation, and construction workers, have poor access to these services. This study evaluated the smoking-related characteristics of workers in these four occupations as well as the awareness of and need for smoking cessation services. In total 808 workers in these four occupations aged 19 years and above were recruited nationwide and had their data analyzed. The participants’ age, marital status, number of work hours per week, job-related stress, age when they started smoking, average number of cigarettes a day, types of tobacco products, close relationships to others who smoke, number of attempts to quit smoking, plans to quit smoking, awareness of cessation services, prior utilization of cessation services, and need for cessation services were surveyed. Compared with parcel delivery workers, female emotional laborers and transportation and construction workers had more attempts to quit smoking, plans to quit smoking, and prior utilization of smoking cessation services, moreover, construction workers had a significantly lower awareness of smoking cessation services. Parcel delivery workers need smoking cessation programs, mobile applications to help them quit smoking, and improvements in their work environments. Cessation services and education should be promoted at workplaces and among managers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

8 pages, 612 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Toothbrushes as Gene Expression Profiling Tool for Oral Cancer Screening in Tobacco and Alcohol Users

by Govindarajan Sujatha, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Ahmed Alamoudi, Maha A. Bahammam, Sarah Ahmed Bahammam, Yaser Ali Alhazmi, Hazar S. Alharbi, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Mohammad S. Al-Ghamdi, Fuad M. Alzahrani, Saranya Varadarajan, A. Thirumal Raj and Shankargouda Patil

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8052; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138052 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1764

Abstract

Aim: The use of toothbrushes was investigated as a potential RNA source and gene expression profiling tool for oral cancer screening in tobacco and alcohol users. Methodology: A total of 20 subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. They [...] Read more.

Aim: The use of toothbrushes was investigated as a potential RNA source and gene expression profiling tool for oral cancer screening in tobacco and alcohol users. Methodology: A total of 20 subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups: group I—healthy controls (n = 6); group II—individuals who consume tobacco and alcohol (n = 14). After the volunteers brushed their teeth using a soft-bristle toothbrush with ~0.5 gm of toothpaste, the toothbrushes were collected, and the gene expression of BAX, BCL2, CDK4, CKDN2A, GNB3, and TCF7L2 was assessed. Results: The gene expression of BAX decreased significantly in alcoholics and smokers (0.13867 ± 0.12014), while the gene expression of BCL2 increased in alcoholics and smokers (1.91001 ± 0.90425) in comparison with healthy controls (p = 0.0054 and p = 0.0055). Although there was increased expression of CDK4, CKDN2A, and TCF7L2 and decreased expression of GNB3 in smokers and alcoholics, the results were not significant. Conclusions: A toothbrush is a good source of RNA, and gene expression analysis can be performed using the genetic material retrieved from toothbrushes, which can aid in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma among tobacco and alcohol users. Further studies with a larger sample size and different durations of toothbrush use should be conducted to explore the role of toothbrushes as a noninvasive tool for disease diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

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18 pages, 397 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Car/Motorbike Drivers’ Willingness to Use and to Pay for Alcohol Interlock in Taiwan

by Rong-Chang Jou and Yi-Hao Lu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11516; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111516 - 2 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1594

Abstract

This study explored the important factors affecting drunk car/motorbike drivers’ willingness to use and pay for alcohol interlocks. Data were obtained through a survey upon choice-based sampling conducted in central Taiwan. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants of drunk driving and road safety [...] Read more.

This study explored the important factors affecting drunk car/motorbike drivers’ willingness to use and pay for alcohol interlocks. Data were obtained through a survey upon choice-based sampling conducted in central Taiwan. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants of drunk driving and road safety education courses from 17 August to 26 October 2020. All drunk drivers whose driver’s licenses are revoked for drunk driving are mandated to participate in this course. Prior to the survey, the researchers explained the questionnaires, instructed the participants to complete the questionnaires, and then collected all the questionnaires. The socioeconomic characteristics of drunk drivers, awareness of alcohol interlocks and drunk driving, drinking patterns and health self-assessment before and after drunk driving ban enforcement, and changes in the number of trips were investigated. This study applied the double-hurdle model for data analysis to estimate the variables affecting drunk car/motorbike drivers. Results indicate that the respondents who were classified by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test as high-risk drinkers before and after drunk driving ban enforcement were more willing to use alcohol interlocks and to pay higher prices. Additionally, the respondents with declined health self-assessments were also more willing to use alcohol interlocks and pay higher prices. This study suggests offering subsidies for alcohol interlocks to families with financial difficulties, in order to increase the alcohol interlock installation rate. Moreover, since the current duration of license suspension and withdrawal is considerably long, drunk drivers avoid using and installing alcohol interlocks by reducing the number of trips. In other words, the willingness to install alcohol interlocks may be increased by reducing the duration of license suspension and withdrawal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

14 pages, 731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Alcohol Drinking Pattern and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study

by Hye Yeon Koo, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin, Jung Eun Yoo, Mi Hee Cho, Keun Hye Jeon, Dahye Kim, Sangduk Hong and Jae Kwan Jun

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11204; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111204 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2831

Abstract

Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), yet little data exist examining drinking patterns and HNC risk. In this population-based, retrospective cohort study, 11,737,467 subjects were recruited from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The risks [...] Read more.

Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), yet little data exist examining drinking patterns and HNC risk. In this population-based, retrospective cohort study, 11,737,467 subjects were recruited from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The risks of overall HNC and HNC subtypes according to average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, and daily amount were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Over the median follow-up of 6.4 years, 15,832 HNC cases were identified. HNC risk linearly increased with drinking frequency (p-trend < 0.01; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–1.67 in subjects who drank 7 days/week). HNC risk also increased according to daily amount of alcohol consumption (p-trend < 0.01), but plateaued from 5–7 units/occasion (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19–1.31) to >14 units/occasion (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.40). When stratified by average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, but not daily amount, showed a linear relationship with HNC risk in moderate and heavy drinkers. When comparing the HNC subtypes, similar tendencies were observed in cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, but not in the salivary gland. In conclusion, drinking frequency is a stronger risk factor for HNC, especially for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, than the daily amount of alcohol consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

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11 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

by Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Armm Mehrab Ali, Md. Ashfikur Rahman, Uday Narayan Yadav, Bhawna Gupta, Muhammad Aziz Rahman and Rumana Huque

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041779 - 12 Feb 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4536

Abstract

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ [...] Read more.

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

21 pages, 452 KiB

Open AccessReview

Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review

by Marwa Madi, Steph Smith, Sami Alshehri, Osama Zakaria and Khalid Almas

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5368; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075368 - 3 Apr 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3424

Abstract

Background: smoking is considered the most modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. Objective: the aim of this narrative review is to emphasize the effect of smoking on periodontal and implant therapy. Methods: The authors reviewed the literature reporting the clinical outcomes of smoking [...] Read more.

Background: smoking is considered the most modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. Objective: the aim of this narrative review is to emphasize the effect of smoking on periodontal and implant therapy. Methods: The authors reviewed the literature reporting the clinical outcomes of smoking on periodontal surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The impact of smoking on implant therapy and sinus lifting procedures were also reviewed. Results: Periodontal and implant therapy outcomes are adversely affected by smoking. Smokers respond less favorably to periodontal therapy and periodontal flap procedures as compared to nonsmokers. Clinical outcomes for smokers are 50–75% worse than for nonsmokers. Studies reveal that smokers experience a significantly lower reduction in pocket depth compared to nonsmokers as well as less bone growth after treating infra-bony defects with guided tissue regeneration. The relative risk of implant failure is significantly higher in patients who smoke 20 cigarettes or more per day compared to nonsmokers. Additionally, smoking has also been shown to increase postoperative wound dehiscence and infection rates following sinus floor elevation. Longitudinal studies on smoke cessation have shown a reduction in bone loss and probing depths for periodontitis patients after cessation compared to those who smoke. Conclusion: Smoking cessation can reduce probing depths and improve clinical attachment after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. There is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of smoking on peri-implantitis, as well as the loss of implants in the long-term. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

13 pages, 1536 KiB

Open AccessReview

Delayed Tibial Shaft Fracture Healing Associated with Smoking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Conducted Worldwide

by Akanksha Mahajan, Narinder Kumar and Bhawna Gupta

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10228; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910228 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2676

Abstract

Tibial fractures represent a great burden of disease globally, being the most common long-bone fracture; smoking is a known risk factor for delayed skeletal healing and post-fracture complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the effect of smoking on healing of [...] Read more.

Tibial fractures represent a great burden of disease globally, being the most common long-bone fracture; smoking is a known risk factor for delayed skeletal healing and post-fracture complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the effect of smoking on healing of tibial shaft fractures. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to March 2021, with no limitation on language, to find relevant research. All observational studies that assessed the association between cigarette smoking and tibial shaft fracture healing in adults (≥18 years) were included. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. A random effects model was used to conduct meta-analysis. Tobacco smoking was associated with an increased rate of non-union and delayed union as well as an increase in time to union in fractures of the tibial shaft. Among the 12 included studies, eight reported an increased rate of non-union, three reported delayed union, and five reported an increase in time to union. However, the results were statistically significant in only three studies for non-union, one for delayed union, and two studies for increased time to union. This review confirms the detrimental impact of smoking on tibial shaft fracture healing and highlights the importance of patient education regarding smoking cessation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

6 pages, 644 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Madelung’s Disease as an Example of a Metabolic Disease Associated with Alcohol Abuse—Diagnostic Importance of Computed Tomography

by Przemysław Jaźwiec, Maria Pawłowska, Karolina Czerwińska, Małgorzata Poręba, Paweł Gać and Rafał Poręba

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5168; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095168 - 24 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2072

Abstract

Madelung’s disease is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by a symmetrical accumulation of nonencapsulated adipose tissue deposits, mainly around the head, neck and shoulders. Fat deposits can grow and put pressure on other organs causing a variety of symptoms, inter alia, dysphagia, breathing [...] Read more.

Madelung’s disease is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by a symmetrical accumulation of nonencapsulated adipose tissue deposits, mainly around the head, neck and shoulders. Fat deposits can grow and put pressure on other organs causing a variety of symptoms, inter alia, dysphagia, breathing difficulties, neck stiffness and headache. Madelung’s disease is often accompanied by other disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism, or liver disease. In addition to somatic issues, mental health problems may also develop causing social exclusion and depression. Middle-aged men with a history of alcohol abuse are the most commonly affected. Various imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), are helpful in stating the diagnosis. This paper presents a case of a 33-year-old man with extensive adipose tissue overgrowth around neck and chest. CT-enhanced scans with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering technique (VRT) reconstruction are also included. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco and Alcohol and Its Related Diseases and or Injuries)

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