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Molecular Research on Apoptosis and Autophagy in Osteosarcoma

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 471

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone cancer. It originates from osteoblasts of mesenchymal origin that produce an immature osteoid matrix. Current treatment recommendations for osteosarcoma include neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the five-year survival rate for patients has not significantly improved despite ongoing research efforts. A complex cascade of signaling pathways and mechanisms is involved in osteosarcoma. Despite the great heterogeneity of the various human tumor types, cancers share eight characteristics known as the “hallmarks of cancer”, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, evasion of growth suppression, induction and access to the vasculature, activation of invasion and metastasis, avoidance of immune destruction, and continuous proliferative signaling. Typically, the malignant transformation of normal cells and benign tumors evades apoptosis through an imbalance between programmed cell death and proliferation. Apoptosis is not the only type of programmed cell death that has been observed recently; autophagy and necroptosis, in particular, are being extensively researched in the field of cancer biology. Autophagy is a self-degradative process involving lysosomal degradation that regulates cell survival by removing and recycling cellular components. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent, fail-safe type of programmed cell death. Therefore, molecular research targeting apoptosis, autophagy, and new regulations may be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of cancers and their associated diseases. This Special Issue focuses on “Molecular Research on Apoptosis and Autophagy in Osteosarcoma” in vitro, ex vivo, and/or in vivo studies. We warmly welcome submissions, including original papers and reviews, on this widely discussed topic.

Prof. Dr. Hyung-Mun Yun
Dr. Kyung-Ran Park
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • apoptosis
  • autophagy
  • bioactive molecule
  • cancer
  • necroptosis
  • osteosarcoma
  • osteoclast
  • osteoblast

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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14 pages, 3057 KiB  
Article
Rhusflavone Modulates Osteoclastogenesis Through RANKL-Induced AKT Signaling in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages
by Hyung-Mun Yun, Bomi Kim, Eonmi Kim and Kyung-Ran Park
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3025; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073025 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 197
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation inhibition is a viable treatment strategy for osteoporosis because osteoclasts play a vital role in disease progression. Rhusflavone (Rhus), a biflavonoid, exhibits a sedative–hypnotic effect via the positive allosteric modulation of GABA(A) receptors. Although several biflavonoids possess activities that help prevent [...] Read more.
Osteoclast differentiation inhibition is a viable treatment strategy for osteoporosis because osteoclasts play a vital role in disease progression. Rhusflavone (Rhus), a biflavonoid, exhibits a sedative–hypnotic effect via the positive allosteric modulation of GABA(A) receptors. Although several biflavonoids possess activities that help prevent bone loss, the potential effects of Rhus on osteoclastogenesis have not been reported yet. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying biological mechanisms of Rhus isolated from the dried roots of Rhus succedanea on osteoclastogenesis in primary cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages. No cytotoxicity was observed in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) or during osteoclast differentiation. However, Rhus reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear osteoclasts during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. The results of F-actin ring formation demonstrated that Rhus suppresses the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Additionally, Rhus inhibits the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker proteins, specifically c-Fos and NF-ATc1. Western blot analysis revealed that Rhus primarily attenuated RANKL-mediated key signaling pathways, particularly the AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that the AKT activator and inhibitor pharmacologically abolished and enhanced the inhibitory effects of Rhus on osteoclast differentiation, respectively. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that Rhus is a promising biologically active compound that regulates osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway, which may contribute to future drug development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research on Apoptosis and Autophagy in Osteosarcoma)
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