International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 26, Issue 18

The extensive use of submicron emulsion systems, particularly those stabilized by nonionic surfactants, with their proven effectiveness and safety profile, provides a reassuring foundation for our research. Consequently, we designed and engineered ne...

Cervical lymph node metastasis is the strongest prognostic factor in oral tongue carcinoma, yet current clinical guidelines rely primarily on depth of invasion to guide elective neck dissection. This approach results in unnecessary surgery in up to 7...

Innervation is ubiquitous in diseased tissues, including cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that innervation not only plays a direct role in cancer pain, but is also closely related to disease progression, including cancer growth, metastasis, and d...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics underlying its development remain poorly characterized. This study employs spatial transcriptomics (ST) to investigate t...

Mesoporous silica materials with well-organized architectures were synthesized using a series of Pluronic PE-type triblock copolymers (PE6800, PE9200, PE9400, PE10500) as structure-directing agents under acidic conditions. The study aimed to elucidat...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is driven by a complex spectrum of somatic mutations and structural variants that contribute to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of short-read Illumina and long-rea...

Green tea, long consumed across Southeast Asia, is highly esteemed for its medicinal properties and is often favored over conventional treatments in Eastern cultures. Its health benefits are largely attributed to its minimal processing, which preserv...

Anxiety disorders are closely associated with oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7715 in a mouse model of...

We aimed to explore the global and sex-specific genetic variants associated with long COVID, as defined by patient-driven symptom recall. A 1-year cohort study of 2411 COVID-19 patients collected long COVID symptoms with an open-ended, non-directed q...

Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) is a phenomenon of pathophysiological stimulation of the maternal immune system during gestation which potentially leads to functional and structural disturbances of fetal neurogenesis. It occurs due to the alteration...

Rotavirus A is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children under the age of five worldwide. The introduction of two live-attenuated oral vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, has significantly decreased illness and death associate...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading contributor to global disability. Despite advances in neurobiological research, no reliable peripheral biomarkers are currently available for diagnosis or monitoring. Copper (Cu), an essential trace elemen...

N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) has recently emerged as a post-transcriptional modulator governing cell-specific gene expression in innate immune cells, particularly in monocytes. Disruptions in m⁶A homeostasis, manifested as the altered expression of m⁶A-r...

This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr [...]

Loss of calcium homeostasis, a shared feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), activates enzyme-dependent cascades that promote protein misfolding, degrade synaptic architecture, impair axonal transport, and lead to...

Over the last decade, immunotherapy has revolutionized lung cancer treatments, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer, where immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved significant clinical success. However, high percentages of patients do not res...

Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The function and structure of blood vessels play a crucial role in the development and aggravation of these diseases. Natural products, such as aromatic plants, prese...

The evolution of biopolymer-based drug and gene delivery systems is a compelling narrative marked by a continuous transition from fundamental concepts to transformative applications [...]

Apricot kernels (Prunus armeniaca L.) represent a valuable by-product of stone fruit cultivation, offering diverse applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. While apricot kernel oil is recognized for its rich composition of unsat...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a number of dysfunctions in communication, social interactions and repetitive rigid patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Despite mu...

The 5th International Symposium on Frontiers in Molecular Science was held on 26–29 August 2025 in Kyoto (Japan), with the support of Kyoto Prefectural University and Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. It is evident that the event has pr...

Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) has been linked to gene expression alterations and negative behavior changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a HFD on behavior and gene expression in the hippocampi of male and female mice from dif...

Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae) is a perennial flowering plant native to Eurasia and North America, which is used as a fodder, medicinal, and ornamental plant. Many issues related to the taxonomy and origin of this valuable species still rema...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, forming fluid-filled cysts in humans and livestock. These cysts consist of three layers: an inner germinal layer and a middle laminar...

Glycyrrhiza uralensis is an important medicinal plant exhibiting strong tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity. DREB (Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding) transcription factors, key members of the AP2/ERF family, play crucia...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal neurodegenerative disease, marked by considerable clinical and molecular heterogeneity. While several genetic drivers have been linked to familial ALS (fALS), the biology of sporadic ALS (sALS)—...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques covered with silvery-white scales, often accompanied by systemic complications such as psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. The disease and...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive and therapeutically recalcitrant breast cancer subtype, exhibiting dismal clinical outcomes due to its intrinsic heterogeneity and lack of molecularly targeted treatment options. Eme...

In malignant-type gastric cancer, peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent metastatic process and is an inoperable condition for which effective treatment is lacking. Our research has revealed that galectin-4 plays an important role in the perit...

Quantitative proteomics relies on robust statistical methods for differential expression, critically impacting downstream functional enrichment. This meta-analysis systematically investigated how statistical hypothesis testing approaches and criteria...

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) encompass a diverse group of genetic disorders that often present with complex and multifaceted clinical features, including neuroinflammation. CTLA-4 deficiency (CTLA-4d), caused by monoallelic germline mutations in t...

Camphora officinarum Nees constitutes a pivotal tree species within the evergreen broad-leaved forests of East Asia, endowed with significant economic, ornamental, and ecological importance. Nevertheless, previous research has markedly underestimated...

The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in the kidney participate in reabsorbing potassium (K⁺) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) in the nephron, contributing to the acid–base balance. Acidosis is a metabolic condition of renal...

Inflammation and immune evasion promote tumorigenesis and progression. Elevated systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patien...

As a medicinal and edible homologous substance, ginkgo seeds’ historical application in headache management, documented from Diannan Materia Medica to contemporary clinical practice, is based on empirical evidence. This study employed network p...

Coffee Coffea arabica L. depends on abundantly distributed rainfall, and drought negatively impacts plant development, fruit production, bean quality, and, ultimately, beverage quality. Plant biotechnology by means of genetic manipulation and plant r...

The stacking arrangement of layered covalent organic frameworks (LCOFs) critically influences their structure and function. We present a fully ab initio-based workflow to characterize stacking disorder in COF-1, combining simulated powder X-ray diffr...

Eckol (Eck), a polyphenolic compound of marine origin, exhibits strong scavenging activity against hydroperoxyl radicals. This study explores its acid-base speciation in aqueous media and evaluates its antioxidant potential through electronic, thermo...

Viral nervous necrosis, caused by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is an important threat to aquaculture, causing great economic losses and a high environmental burden. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is highly affected by NNV, and selectiv...

We previously reported ocular phenotypes of 1-year-old 129S1/SvlmJ lysyl oxidase-like 1 null (Loxl1^−/−) mice. Here we sought to characterize age-dependent changes in C57BL/6J Loxl1^−/− mice in a longitudinal fashion. Retinal ga...

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of PC, have a 5-year survival rate of approximately 10%. This low survival rate is mainl...

Cellular senescence is a major barrier to the therapeutic application of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), as it compromises their proliferative capacity, differentiation potential, and regenerative efficacy. In this study, we investigated whethe...

Primary human endothelial cells represent an essential tool to model endothelial dysfunction and to screen interventions for its treatment. Here, we developed a protocol for the synchronous isolation of primary human saphenous vein endothelial cells...

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are associated with the dysfunction of proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells in lifestyle diseases. Urinary stones induce cytotoxicity in PTE cells, and various medicines have been developed to mitigate or pre...

Polypore mushrooms have been widely recognized for centuries for their use in food and medicine due to their strong capacity to produce numerous biomolecules with beneficial effects on human health. Fomes fomentarius is one such species that remains...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration is recognized as a hallmark event in cervical carcinogenesis. However, it does not represent a routine phase of the viral life cycle but rather a stochastic occurrence, often constituting a dead-end pathway for...

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder globally, has a notably high prevalence in Sweden (136/10⁵). Although monogenic forms represent only a small subset of PD cases, several genetic factors—including...

A series of N-acylhydrazones bearing a 1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-b]pyrrole ring, along with benzene and thiophene rings substituted with chlorine or methyl groups, was synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity against t...

Male infertility is a global health concern, and many cases are idiopathic in nature. The development and differentiation of germ cells (Gcs) are supported by Sertoli cells (Scs). Differentiated Scs support the development of Gcs into sperm, and henc...

Nowadays, the use of natural biological bio-stimulants such as seaweed extract (SWE) is highly considered for alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress in many plant species. This study evaluated the effects of drought stress and foliar appli...