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New Molecular Insights into the Gut Microbiome
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New Molecular Insights into the Gut Microbiome

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2024) | Viewed by 8470

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hyunju You

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Interests: functional foods; probiotics; microbiome; gut microbiota

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human gut microbiome is closely linked to various immuno-metabolic disorders. It plays an essential role in the transformation and absorption of dietary nutrients, metabolic homeostasis of the host, and changes in immune profiles by producing microbial metabolites and microbe-associated macromolecules. The gut microbiota is responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and amino acid metabolites, which control insulin resistance, liver steatosis, gut permeability, and neurotransmitter production through GPCR, FXR, GLP-1, and the serotonin signaling pathway. Additionally, some bacterial strains produce extracellular polysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and exosomes that modulate the host's immune system in autoimmune diseases and cancer, thereby enhancing the differentiation and function of specific immune cell populations. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the gut microbiome will provide valuable information for further translational research and the development of microbiome therapeutics.This Special Issue, entitled “New Molecular Insights in Gut Microbiome”, will focus on the molecular mechanisms and MoA of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of immuno-metabolic diseases. Original research and review papers related to various aspects of biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, physiology, and pathology will be considered for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Hyunju You
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • microbiome
  • gut microbiota
  • nutraceuticals
  • immuno-metabolic diseases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4622 KiB  
Article
Deciphering the Impact of Defecation Frequency on Gut Microbiome Composition and Diversity
by Gwoncheol Park, Seongok Kim, WonJune Lee, Gyungcheon Kim and Hakdong Shin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4657; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094657 - 25 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1535
Abstract
This study explores the impact of defecation frequency on the gut microbiome structure by analyzing fecal samples from individuals categorized by defecation frequency: infrequent (1–3 times/week, n = 4), mid-frequent (4–6 times/week, n = 7), and frequent (daily, n = 9). Utilizing 16S [...] Read more.
This study explores the impact of defecation frequency on the gut microbiome structure by analyzing fecal samples from individuals categorized by defecation frequency: infrequent (1–3 times/week, n = 4), mid-frequent (4–6 times/week, n = 7), and frequent (daily, n = 9). Utilizing 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and LC-MS/MS metabolome profiling, significant differences in microbial diversity and community structures among the groups were observed. The infrequent group showed higher microbial diversity, with community structures significantly varying with defecation frequency, a pattern consistent across all sampling time points. The Ruminococcus genus was predominant in the infrequent group, but decreased with more frequent defecation, while the Bacteroides genus was more common in the frequent group, decreasing as defecation frequency lessened. The infrequent group demonstrated enriched biosynthesis genes for aromatic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), in contrast to the frequent group, which had a higher prevalence of genes for BCAA catabolism. Metabolome analysis revealed higher levels of metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids and BCAA metabolism in the infrequent group, and lower levels of BCAA-derived metabolites in the frequent group, consistent with their predicted metagenomic functions. These findings underscore the importance of considering stool consistency/frequency in understanding the factors influencing the gut microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Molecular Insights into the Gut Microbiome)
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Review

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23 pages, 1465 KiB  
Review
Insights into Gut Dysbiosis: Inflammatory Diseases, Obesity, and Restoration Approaches
by Andy Acevedo-Román, Natalia Pagán-Zayas, Liz I. Velázquez-Rivera, Aryanne C. Torres-Ventura and Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9715; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179715 - 8 Sep 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6475
Abstract
The gut microbiota is one of the most critical factors in human health. It involves numerous physiological processes impacting host health, mainly via immune system modulation. A balanced microbiome contributes to the gut’s barrier function, preventing the invasion of pathogens and maintaining the [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota is one of the most critical factors in human health. It involves numerous physiological processes impacting host health, mainly via immune system modulation. A balanced microbiome contributes to the gut’s barrier function, preventing the invasion of pathogens and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiome’s composition and function, disrupts essential processes and contributes to various diseases. This narrative review summarizes key findings related to the gut microbiota in modern multifactorial inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. It addresses the challenges posed by antibiotic-driven dysbiosis, particularly in the context of C. difficile infections, and the development of novel therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and biotherapeutic drugs to combat these infections. An emphasis is given to restoration of the healthy gut microbiome through dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and novel approaches for managing gut-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Molecular Insights into the Gut Microbiome)
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