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Ion Channels: From Physiology to Channelopathies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 1769

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Interests: ion channels; disease models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Ion channels are protein molecules that span across the cell membrane and enable the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other. They have an aqueous pore, which becomes accessible to ions after a conformational change in the protein structure that causes the ion channel to open. Widely regarded as attractive drug targets for many therapeutic applications, ion channels represent the third-largest class of targets in drug discovery after G-protein-coupled receptors and kinases, thus emphasizing their ”tractable” nature. Nonetheless, ion channels remain underexploited as drug targets. Not surprisingly, the malfunction of ion channels has been found to be associated with a wide variety of diseases, including epilepsy, stroke, pain, cystic fibrosis, skeletal muscle disorders, and certain types of cardiac arrhythmias. Understanding the genetics, molecular structure, biophysical properties, gating, and regulatory mechanisms of ion channels will provide us with a basic understanding of their exceptional diversity. Moreover, an investigation of their roles in physiology and disease will also provide insight into ion channel function, which may ultimately lead to the identification of novel targets for disease treatment.

This Special Issue of IJMS aims to expand our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ion channels. We intend to offer a platform for high-quality publications on various aspects of ion channels. Bringing together these different aspects in a single Special Issue will hopefully trigger further findings which are relevant in the development of new therapies for human diseases.

Dr. Bikash R. Pattnaik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • ion channels
  • molecular mechanism

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 8917 KiB  
Article
The Mechanism of the Channel Opening in Channelrhodopsin-2: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
by Qi Xin, Wenying Zhang and Shuai Yuan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065667 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1480
Abstract
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) has been one of the most important objects in the study of optogenetics. The retinal chromophore molecule absorbs photons and undergoes an isomerization reaction, which triggers the photocycle, resulting in a series of conformational changes. In this study, a series of [...] Read more.
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) has been one of the most important objects in the study of optogenetics. The retinal chromophore molecule absorbs photons and undergoes an isomerization reaction, which triggers the photocycle, resulting in a series of conformational changes. In this study, a series of intermediate structures (including D470, P500, P390-early, P390-late, and P520 states) of ChR2 in the photocycle were modeled, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to elucidate the mechanism of ion channel opening of ChR2. The maximum absorption wavelength of these intermediates calculated by time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) is in general agreement with the experimental values, the distribution of water density gradually increases in the process of photocycle, and the radius of the ion channel is larger than 6 Å. All these results indicate that our structural models of the intermediates are reasonable. The evolution of protonation state of E90 during the photocycle is explained. E90 will deprotonate when the P390-early transforms into P390-late, in which the two conformations of P390-early and P390-late obtained from the simulations are consistent with the experimental descriptions. To validate the conductive P520 state, the potential mean force (PMF) of Na+ ions passing through the P520 intermediate was calculated by using steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation combined with umbrella sampling. The result shows that the Na+ ions passing through the channel with a very low energy barrier, especially in the central gate, is almost barrierless. This indicates that the channel is open in the P520 state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ion Channels: From Physiology to Channelopathies)
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