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Antimicrobial Resistance—New Insights, 3rd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 1713

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
2. CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Interests: antimicrobial susceptibility assays; microbial mechanisms of resistance; flow cytometry and microbiology; rapid antimicrobial susceptibility assays
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Health care has been a hot topic recently. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, antimicrobial resistance was already a major global concern. During—and certainly after—the pandemic, this topic will continue to be a cause of global concern and an urgent topic requiring research efforts. Infectious disease treatment requires disruptive strategies, including new drugs, knowledge about mechanisms of resistance, and faster diagnostic tests. New drugs are necessary, entailing the development of new molecules and the search for alternative microbe targets. Molecular knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of resistance would help to eventually revert resistance and recover some old molecules. Additionally, but no less important, is the development of rapid solutions from microbiology labs in order to guide antimicrobial therapy, avoiding broad-spectrum empiric treatment. To help antimicrobial stewardship, the development of antimicrobial dosing for some drugs and in special patients is also required.

Dr. Cidália Pina-Vaz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance
  • rapid antimicrobial susceptible assays
  • antimicrobial dosing
  • molecular assays

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 606 KiB  
Article
A Newly Incompatibility F Replicon Allele (FIB81) in Extensively Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Broilers
by Ahmed M. Ammar, Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz, Mohamed G. Aggour, Adel A. M. Ahmad, Adel Abdelkhalek, Florin Muselin, Laura Smuleac, Raul Pascalau and Fatma A. Attia
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8347; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158347 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 734
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has gained pronounced attention among Enterobacterales. The transfer of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, frequently carried on conjugative incompatibility F (IncF) plasmids and facilitating interspecies resistance transmission, has been linked to Salmonella spp. and E. coli in broilers. In [...] Read more.
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has gained pronounced attention among Enterobacterales. The transfer of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, frequently carried on conjugative incompatibility F (IncF) plasmids and facilitating interspecies resistance transmission, has been linked to Salmonella spp. and E. coli in broilers. In Egypt, the growing resistance is exacerbated by the limited clinical efficacy of many antimicrobials. In this study, IncF groups were screened and characterized in drug-resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolated from broilers. The antimicrobial resistance profile, PCR-based replicon typing of bacterial isolates pre- and post-plasmid curing, and IncF replicon allele sequence typing were investigated. Five isolates of E. coli (5/31; 16.13%) and Salmonella spp. (5/36; 13.89%) were pan-susceptible to the examined antimicrobial agents, and 85.07% of tested isolates were MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Twelve MDR and XDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for the existence of IncF replicons (FII, FIA, and FIB). They shared resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanate, doxycycline, cefotaxime, and colistin. All isolates carried from one to two IncF replicons. The FII-FIA-FIB+ and FII-FIA+FIB- were the predominant replicon patterns. FIB was the most frequently detected replicon after plasmid curing. Three XDR E. coli isolates that were resistant to 12–14 antimicrobials carried a newly FIB replicon allele with four nucleotide substitutions: C99→A, G112→T, C113→T, and G114→A. These findings suggest that broilers are a significant reservoir of IncF replicons with highly divergent IncF-FIB plasmid incompatibility groups circulating among XDR Enterobacterales. Supporting these data with additional comprehensive epidemiological studies involving replicons other than the IncF can provide insights for implementing efficient policies to prevent the spreading of new replicons to humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance—New Insights, 3rd Edition)
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11 pages, 2172 KiB  
Communication
Performance of Flow Cytometry-Based Rapid Assay in Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales
by Blanca Pérez-Viso, Inês Martins-Oliveira, Rosário Gomes, Ana Silva-Dias, Luísa Peixe, Ângela Novais, Cidália Pina-Vaz and Rafael Cantón
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7888; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147888 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are increasingly being recognized in nosocomial infections. The performance of a flow cytometry-based rapid assay for their detection and differentiation was evaluated. This is a disruptive phenotypic technology, phenotypic and growth-independent, that searches for the lesions produced by drugs acting on [...] Read more.
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are increasingly being recognized in nosocomial infections. The performance of a flow cytometry-based rapid assay for their detection and differentiation was evaluated. This is a disruptive phenotypic technology, phenotypic and growth-independent, that searches for the lesions produced by drugs acting on cells after a short incubation time. Overall, 180 Gram-negative bacteria were studied, and results were compared with those obtained molecularly by PCR and phenotypically by ‘KPC, MBL and OXA-48 Confirm Kit’. This phenotypic method was used as reference for comparison purposes. Susceptibility to carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem) was determined by standard broth microdilution. Overall, 112 isolates (62.2%) were carbapenemase producers, 41 KPCs, 36 MβLs, and 31 OXA-48, and 4 strains were KPC + MβL co-producers. Sixty-eight isolates were carbapenemase-negative. The percentage of agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated according to ISO 20776-2:2021. The FASTinov assay showed 97.7% agreement with the reference method for carbapenemase detection. Discrepant flow cytometry results were obtained in four isolates compared with both reference and PCR results. The sensitivity and specificity of this new technology were 95.3% and 98.5%, respectively, for KPCs, 97.6% and 99.3% for MβLs, and 96.9% and 98% for OXA-48 detection. In conclusion, we describe a rapid flow cytometry assay with high accuracy for carbapenemase detection and the differentiation of various carbapenemases, which should impact clinical microbiology laboratories and patient management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance—New Insights, 3rd Edition)
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