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Gene Transfer in Brain Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 4470

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: gene transfer/therapy; transgenic mice; hippocampus rejuvenation; brain disorders; intellectual ability and disability
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Guest Editor
Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: gene therapy; AAV vectors; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; Niemann-Pick disease

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: psychiatry; behavioral health; dentate granular neurons; mindfulness based intervention; intensive care unit; depression; social media; mood; anxiety; stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Of all the organs in the body, the brain—protected by the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB), which regulates the internal milieu—is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures/functions involved, and the numbers of gene transcripts that change over time. The pathogenesis of the brain can be viewed via the lens of the dysregulation of gene variants expressions that are reported, not only in intellectual disabilities (i.e., Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders), and age-regulated neurodegenerative diseases, (i.e., Alzheimer, Huntington, Parkinson’s diseases), but also in the etiology of epilepsy, brain trauma, brain cancer, Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseases, and other complex psychiatric diseases (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorders). Partially due to the BBB, most of the pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy, whereas surgical or neuromodulation interventions have limited indications. In contrast, gene transfer may specifically target and correct the underlying mechanisms of a disease. Various viral vector types (including retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, adenovirus vectors, herpes simplex virus type 1) have been recently used for phase I/II clinical trials. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, with their well-defined in vivo safety profile, have emerged as one of the most important vectors for the treatment of brain disorders, including the delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing machinery.

Dr. Tam Thanh Quach
Dr. Lluís Samaranch
Dr. Anne-Marie Duchemin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • intellectual disability
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • psychiatric diseases
  • gene transfer
  • AAV

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
Production of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Model Mice by Intravenous Injection of AAV-PHP.B Vectors
by Ayumu Konno, Yoichiro Shinohara and Hirokazu Hirai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137205 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 4159
Abstract
We aimed to produce a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) using the mouse blood–brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.B. Four-to-five-week-old C57BL/6 mice received injections of high-dose (2.0 × 1011 vg/mouse) or low-dose (5.0 × 1010 vg/mouse) AAV-PHP.B encoding [...] Read more.
We aimed to produce a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) using the mouse blood–brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.B. Four-to-five-week-old C57BL/6 mice received injections of high-dose (2.0 × 1011 vg/mouse) or low-dose (5.0 × 1010 vg/mouse) AAV-PHP.B encoding a SCA3 causative gene containing abnormally long 89 CAG repeats [ATXN3(Q89)] under the control of the ubiquitous chicken β-actin hybrid (CBh) promoter. Control mice received high doses of AAV-PHP.B encoding ATXN3 with non-pathogenic 15 CAG repeats [ATXN3(Q15)] or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone. More than half of the mice injected with high doses of AAV-PHP.B encoding ATXN3(Q89) died within 4 weeks after the injection. No mice in other groups died during the 12-week observation period. Mice injected with low doses of AAV-PHP.B encoding ATXN3(Q89) exhibited progressive motor uncoordination starting 4 weeks and a shorter stride in footprint analysis performed at 12 weeks post-AAV injection. Immunohistochemistry showed thinning of the molecular layer and the formation of nuclear inclusions in Purkinje cells from mice injected with low doses of AAV-PHP.B encoding ATXN3(Q89). Moreover, ATXN3(Q89) expression significantly reduced the number of large projection neurons in the cerebellar nuclei to one third of that observed in mice expressing ATXN3(Q15). This AAV-based approach is superior to conventional methods in that the required number of model mice can be created simply by injecting AAV, and the expression levels of the responsible gene can be adjusted by changing the amount of AAV injected. Moreover, this method may be applied to produce SCA3 models in non-human primates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene Transfer in Brain Disorders)
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