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Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth
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Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 7304

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dmitry S. Veselov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS, 450054 Ufa, Russia
Interests: plant growth; water stress; hormonal regulation; water relation; oxidative stress; regulatory proteins; biotechnology; molecular biological approaches
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms that are permanently restricted to their site of germination. What they lack in mobility they make up for in their ability to grow quickly, allowing their roots to explore the soil for water and mineral nutrients, and to capture light with their leaves. Another essential feature of plants is the plasticity of their growth, manifested in the changes in the growth rate of both roots and shoots in response to external influences, ensuring their adaptation. It is well known that plant growth is controlled by phytohormones. Their ability to control cell division and elongation and the beginning of their differentiation underlies the changes in plant growth, while alterations of hormone concentration under the influence of external environment are the main mechanism of plant adaptive reactions. Although the importance of plant hormones in the control of plant growth is generally recognized, the exact mechanisms of their action on plant growth are not yet well understood. In this Special Issue, articles (original research papers, future perspectives, hypotheses, opinions, reviews) will present the newest results of investigations and findings in the above-presented area. We invite researchers to contribute to this Special Issue. Submissions should be related to themes including but not restricted to:

  • Molecular mechanisms that control the metabolism and signaling of plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonic and salicylic acids, brassinosteroids, strigolactones, etc.) associated with their effects on plant growth.
  • Transporters of plant hormones involved in the transmission of hormonal signals over long distances and coordinating the growth of various plant organs.
  • Transcription factors and target genes associated with hormonal control of plant growth.
  • Localization of plant hormones with hormone-sensitive reporter constructions and immunohistochemical techniques in relation to the changes in the growth rate of roots and shoots.

Dr. Dmitry S. Veselov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • plant hormones
  • auxins
  • cytokinins
  • abscisic acid
  • gibberellins
  • ethylene
  • plant growth
  • transporters

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1467 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Bacillus subtilis IB-22 on the Hydraulic Conductivity and Abundance of PIP2 Aquaporins in the Roots of an Abscisic Acid-Deficient Barley Mutant
by Zarina Akhtyamova, Tatiana Arkhipova, Guzel Sharipova, Ruslan Ivanov, Tatyana Nuzhnaya, Guzel Kudoyarova and Dmitry Veselov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910706 - 4 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 892
Abstract
Little information is available on how rhizosphere bacteria affect abscisic acid (ABA) levels in plants and whether these bacterial effects are associated with improved plant water status. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulation of plant growth may be associated [...] Read more.
Little information is available on how rhizosphere bacteria affect abscisic acid (ABA) levels in plants and whether these bacterial effects are associated with improved plant water status. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulation of plant growth may be associated with the ability of ABA to increase the hydraulic conductivity of roots through the up-regulation of aquaporin. To do this, we studied the effect of bacteria capable of producing ABA on a barley mutant deficient in this hormone. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity of the ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 showed that its tissues exhibited a reduced ability to conduct water, which correlated with lower ABA content in plants. The inoculation of Bacillus subtilis IB-22 stimulated the growth of both the mutant and its parent variety. Also, under the influence of bacteria, the ABA content in plants increased, and the increase was more significant in the mutant. This effect was accompanied by an increase in hydraulic conductivity in the roots of the ABA-deficient mutant, and immunolocalization using antibodies against PIP2;1 and PIP2;2 aquaporins revealed an increase in their abundance. Thus, the results obtained support the hypothesis about the importance of a sufficiently high ABA content in plants to maintain the abundance of aquaporins, hydraulic conductivity and the growth of barley plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth)
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19 pages, 3890 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation
by Xiaoqiang Zhao, Jiayao Li, Yining Niu, Zakir Hossain, Xiquan Gao, Xiaodong Bai, Taotao Mao, Guoxiang Qi and Fuqiang He
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 17061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317061 - 2 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1845
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT), an indoleamine compound, has been known to mediate many physiological responses of plants under environmental stress. The deep-seeding (≥20 cm) of maize seeds is an important cultivation strategy to ensure seedling emergence and survival under drought stress. However, the role of [...] Read more.
Serotonin (5-HT), an indoleamine compound, has been known to mediate many physiological responses of plants under environmental stress. The deep-seeding (≥20 cm) of maize seeds is an important cultivation strategy to ensure seedling emergence and survival under drought stress. However, the role of 5-HT in maize deep-seeding tolerance remains unexplored. Understanding the mechanisms and evaluating the optimal concentration of 5-HT in alleviating deep-seeding stress could benefit maize production. In this study, two maize inbred lines were treated with or without 5-HT at both sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The effects of different concentrations of 5-HT on the growth phenotypes, physiological metabolism, and gene expression of two maize inbred lines were examined at the sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm. Compared to the normal seedling depth of 3 cm, the elongation of the mesocotyl (average elongation 3.70 cm) and coleoptile (average elongation 0.58 cm), secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; average increased 3.73 and 0.63 ng g−1 FW), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; average increased 1.95 and 0.63 μM g−1 FW) in the mesocotyl and coleoptile were increased under 20 cm stress, with a concomitant decrease in lignin synthesis (average decreased 0.48 and 0.53 A280 g−1). Under 20 cm deep-seeding stress, the addition of 5-HT activated the expression of multiple genes of IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction, including Zm00001d049601, Zm00001d039346, Zm00001d026530, and Zm00001d049659, and it also stimulated IAA production in both the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. On the contrary, 5-HT suppressed the expression of genes for lignin biosynthesis (Zm00001d016471, Zm00001d005998, Zm00001d032152, and Zm00001d053554) and retarded the accumulation of H2O2 and lignin, resulting in the elongation of the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. A comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that the optimum concentration of 5-HT in relieving deep-seeding stress was 2.5 mg/L for both inbred lines, and 5-HT therefore could improve the seedling emergence rate and alleviate deep-seeding stress in maize seedlings. These findings could provide a novel strategy for improving maize deep-seeding tolerance, thus enhancing yield potential under drought and water stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth)
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14 pages, 1895 KiB  
Article
PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C08, a Negative Regulator of Abscisic Acid Signaling, Promotes Internode Elongation in Rice
by Jaeeun Song, Eunji Ga, Sangkyu Park, Hyo Lee, In Sun Yoon, Saet Buyl Lee, Jong-Yeol Lee and Beom-Gi Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10821; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310821 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Clade A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2CAs) negatively regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Here, we investigated the functions of OsPP2CAs and their crosstalk with ABA and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathways in rice (Oryza sativa). Among the nine OsPP2CAs, OsPP2C08 had the [...] Read more.
Clade A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2CAs) negatively regulate abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Here, we investigated the functions of OsPP2CAs and their crosstalk with ABA and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathways in rice (Oryza sativa). Among the nine OsPP2CAs, OsPP2C08 had the highest amino acid sequence similarity with OsPP2C51, which positively regulates GA signaling in rice seed germination. However, OsPP2C08 was expressed in different tissues (internodes, sheaths, and flowers) compared to OsPP2C51, which was specifically expressed in seeds, and showed much stronger induction under abiotic stress than OsPP2C51. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsPP2C08 (OsPP2C08-OX) had a typical ABA-insensitive phenotype in a post-germination assay, indicating that OsPP2C08, as with other OsPP2CAs, negatively regulates ABA signaling. Furthermore, OsPP2C08-OX lines had longer stems than wild-type (WT) plants due to longer internodes, especially between the second and third nodes. Internode cells were also longer in OsPP2C08-OX lines than in the WT. As GA positively regulates plant growth, these results suggest that OsPP2C08 might positively regulate GA biosynthesis. Indeed, the expression levels of GA biosynthetic genes including gibberellin 20-oxidase (OsGA20ox4) and Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (OsKAO) were increased in OsPP2C08-OX lines, and we observed that GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE 4 (OsGA2ox4), encoding an oxidase that catalyzes the 2-beta-hydroxylation of several biologically active GAs, was repressed in the OsPP2C08-OX lines based on a transcriptome deep sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, we compared the accumulation of SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a DELLA protein involved in GA signaling, in OsPP2C08-OX and WT plants, and observed lower levels of SLR1 in the OsPP2C08-OX lines than in the WT. Taken together, our results reveal that OsPP2C08 negatively regulates ABA signaling and positively regulates GA signaling in rice. Our study provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between GA and ABA signaling in rice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth)
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16 pages, 1594 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Biological Activity of 28-Homobrassinolide via a Multi-Level Comparative Analysis
by Junpeng Huang, Biaodi Shen, Xiao Rao, Xuehua Cao, Jianjun Zhang, Linchuan Liu, Jianming Li and Juan Mao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9377; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119377 - 27 May 2023
Viewed by 2074
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play vital roles in the plant life cycle and synthetic BRs are widely used to increase crop yield and plant stress tolerance. Among them are 24R-methyl-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and 24S-ethyl-28-homobrassinolide (28-HBL), which differ from brassinolide (BL, the most [...] Read more.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play vital roles in the plant life cycle and synthetic BRs are widely used to increase crop yield and plant stress tolerance. Among them are 24R-methyl-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and 24S-ethyl-28-homobrassinolide (28-HBL), which differ from brassinolide (BL, the most active BR) at the C-24 position. Although it is well known that 24-EBL is 10% active as BL, there is no consensus on the bioactivity of 28-HBL. A recent outpouring of research interest in 28-HBL on major crops accompanied with a surge of industrial-scale synthesis that produces mixtures of active (22R,23R)-28-HBL and inactive (22S,23S)-28HBL, demands a standardized assay system capable of analyzing different synthetic “28-HBL” products. In this study, the relative bioactivity of 28-HBL to BL and 24-EBL, including its capacity to induce the well-established BR responses at molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels, was systematically analyzed using the whole seedlings of the wild-type and BR-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. These multi-level bioassays consistently showed that 28-HBL exhibits a much stronger bioactivity than 24-EBL and is almost as active as BL in rescuing the short hypocotyl phenotype of the dark-grown det2 mutant. These results are consistent with the previously established structure–activity relationship of BRs, proving that this multi-level whole seedling bioassay system could be used to analyze different batches of industrially produced 28-HBL or other BL analogs to ensure the full potential of BRs in modern agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth)
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