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Molecular Insights into Nutrition, Genetics, and Biochemistry: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1012

Special Issue Editors


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Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: biochemistry; opioid peptides; food proteins; vitamins; nutrition; allergy; autoimmune; neurodevelopmental diseases; nutrigenomics; nutricosmetics; cosmeceuticals; dermocosmetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in molecular biology and biochemistry are rapidly reshaping our understanding of how genetic factors and nutritional interventions influence health and disease. Genetic predispositions, nutrient–gene interactions, and biochemical pathways collectively determine metabolic balance, disease risk, and therapeutic potential. This Special Issue aims to bring together original research and comprehensive reviews at the intersection of genetics, biochemistry, and nutrition/dietetics, with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and novel biomarkers.

We welcome submissions exploring, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: Gene–diet interactions shaping metabolism, disease susceptibility, and therapeutic response.
  • Molecular mechanisms of nutrients and bioactive compounds in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism, and signaling pathways.
  • Epigenetic regulation by diet: DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Mitochondrial biology and redox regulation in relation to diet and nutrient status.
  • Biochemical and genetic determinants of metabolic and liver diseases, obesity, and diabetes.
  • Multi-omics approaches (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) in nutrition-related research.
  • Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets identified through molecular studies.
  • Precision nutrition and personalized medicine: Integration of molecular biology, genetics, and dietetics.

Prof. Dr. Anna Cieslinska
Dr. Edyta Sienkiewicz-Szłapka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics
  • molecular nutrition
  • oxidative stress and redox biology
  • epigenetics and diet
  • lipid and glucose metabolism
  • inflammatory pathways
  • transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics
  • mitochondrial dysfunction and nutrition
  • biomarkers of diet-related disease
  • precision nutrition and molecular therapeutics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4703 KB  
Article
Tempol Exerts Radioprotective Effects by Suppressing Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Break Formation
by Shinya Masugata, Megumi Sasatani, Tsutomu Shimura and Asako J. Nakamura
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062601 - 12 Mar 2026
Viewed by 184
Abstract
Concerns about radiation exposure following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident continue to grow, and health risks associated with medical radiation have also become an important issue. Therefore, identifying agents that can mitigate radiation-related health effects is necessary. We focused on the antioxidant [...] Read more.
Concerns about radiation exposure following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident continue to grow, and health risks associated with medical radiation have also become an important issue. Therefore, identifying agents that can mitigate radiation-related health effects is necessary. We focused on the antioxidant 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (tempol) and investigated its radioprotective mechanisms. HeLa and TIG-3 cells were irradiated with X-rays, γ-rays, or heavy-ion beams. The effect of tempol on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation was assessed by γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining. In mice, γ-H2AX formation in the thymus and duodenum were evaluated after acute or chronic γ-ray exposure. Inflammatory responses were analyzed through macrophage infiltration and TNF mRNA expression, while apoptosis was measured using Annexin V staining. Tempol suppressed ROS production and γ-H2AX foci formation following irradiation. It also reduced γ-H2AX induction in mouse tissues. Activated macrophage infiltration and TNF expression in the duodenum tended to decrease in tempol-treated mice, whereas apoptotic levels showed no significant differences. Notably, tempol more effectively inhibited γ-H2AX formation during chronic irradiation than acute exposure. These findings suggest that tempol mitigates radiation-induced inflammation and reduces DNA damage, supporting its potential as a radioprotective agent. Full article
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Review

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25 pages, 4322 KB  
Review
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency: A Review of Treatments and Case Series
by Batya Betesh-Abay, Eilon Shany, Orna Staretz-Chacham, Ilan Shelef and Abed N. Azab
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2732; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062732 - 17 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a heterogenous mitochondrial inborn error in carbohydrate oxidation manifesting as congenital lactic acidosis. PDCD presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While no curative treatment exists for PDCD, certain therapeutic modalities may improve prognosis and ameliorate symptom severity. This [...] Read more.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a heterogenous mitochondrial inborn error in carbohydrate oxidation manifesting as congenital lactic acidosis. PDCD presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While no curative treatment exists for PDCD, certain therapeutic modalities may improve prognosis and ameliorate symptom severity. This article examines the effectiveness of treatments for PDCD and presents a case series of three patients with PDCD. A scoping literature review was conducted for treatments of PDCD. Patient data for case reports was extracted retrospectively from electronic medical records from a large tertiary hospital. We reviewed and summarized findings from seven preclinical studies and ten human studies, which showed that dichloroacetate and the ketogenic diet were the most frequently studied treatments. Therapeutic approaches observed select positive outcomes such as reduced lactate levels, improved neuropathological manifestations, and increased longevity. However, most interventions have yet to be rigorously investigated. Early diagnosis of PDCD is integral, as treatment methods may offer improved clinical and biochemical outcomes. Clinical trials of existing and novel treatments are necessary to improve management and further understand the prognostic potential of this metabolic disorder. Full article
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