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Free Radical Oxidation and Natural Antioxidants: Molecular Aspect Action
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Free Radical Oxidation and Natural Antioxidants: Molecular Aspect Action

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 4784

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vadim Z. Lankin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Free Radical Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, 121552 Moscow, Russia
Interests: free radical processes; regulation in living systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in normal physiological processes (e.g., cellular immunity, etc.). The intensification of ROS generation initiates mechanisms of oxidative damage to cell structures, being one of the main molecular mechanisms of various pathological conditions (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, etc.). Natural low-molecular-weight antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes protect the body from the uncontrolled development of free radical processes.

This Special Issue aims to include papers on the topic of molecular mechanisms of the normal regulation of free radical processes and their disruption during the development of pathological conditions.

Dr. Vadim Z. Lankin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • regulation of free radical oxidation
  • natural low-molecular-weight antioxidants
  • antioxidant enzymes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2537 KiB  
Article
Ceruloplasmin Reduces the Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Antitumor Complex-Mediated Release of Heme-Containing Proteins from Blood Cells
by Anna Yu. Elizarova, Alexey V. Sokolov and Vadim B. Vasilyev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316711 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 822
Abstract
Our previous study showed that not only bovine lactoferrin (LF), the protein of milk and neutrophils, but also the human species forms complexes with oleic acid (OA) that inhibit tumor growth. Repeated injections of human LF in complex with OA (LF/8OA) to hepatoma-carrying [...] Read more.
Our previous study showed that not only bovine lactoferrin (LF), the protein of milk and neutrophils, but also the human species forms complexes with oleic acid (OA) that inhibit tumor growth. Repeated injections of human LF in complex with OA (LF/8OA) to hepatoma-carrying mice decelerated tumor growth and increased animals’ longevity. However, whether the effect of the LF/8OA complex is directed exclusively against malignant cells was not studied. Hence, its effect on normal blood cells was assayed, along with its possible modulation of ceruloplasmin (CP), the preferred partner of LF among plasma proteins. The complex LF/8OA (6 μM) caused hemolysis, unlike LF alone or BSA/8OA (250 μM). The activation of neutrophils with exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a potent oxidant, was induced by 1 μM LF/8OA, whereas BSA/8OA had a similar effect at a concentration increased by an order. The egress of heme-containing proteins, i.e., MPO and hemoglobin, from blood cells affected by LF/8OA was followed by a pronounced oxidative/halogenating stress. CP, which is the natural inhibitor of MPO, added at a concentration of 2 mol per 1 mol of LF/8OA abrogated its cytotoxic effect. It seems likely that CP can be used effectively in regulating the LF/8OA complex’s antitumor activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free Radical Oxidation and Natural Antioxidants: Molecular Aspect Action)
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12 pages, 4247 KiB  
Article
Activation of Purine Biosynthesis Suppresses the Sensitivity of E. coli gmhA Mutant to Antibiotics
by Tatiana A. Seregina, Irina Yu. Petrushanko, Pavel I. Zaripov, Rustem S. Shakulov, Svetlana A. Sklyarova, Vladimir A. Mitkevich, Alexander A. Makarov and Alexander S. Mironov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16070; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216070 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1040
Abstract
Inactivation of enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of the cell wall component of ADP-glycero-manno-heptose causes the development of oxidative stress and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics of a hydrophobic nature. The metabolic precursor of ADP-heptose is sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P), an intermediate of the non-oxidative branch [...] Read more.
Inactivation of enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of the cell wall component of ADP-glycero-manno-heptose causes the development of oxidative stress and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics of a hydrophobic nature. The metabolic precursor of ADP-heptose is sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P), an intermediate of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), in which ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH are generated. Inactivation of the first stage of ADP-heptose synthesis (ΔgmhA) prevents the outflow of S7P from the PPP, and this mutant is characterized by a reduced biosynthesis of NADPH and of the Glu-Cys-Gly tripeptide, glutathione, molecules known to be involved in the resistance to oxidative stress. We found that the derepression of purine biosynthesis (∆purR) normalizes the metabolic equilibrium in PPP in ΔgmhA mutants, suppressing the negative effects of gmhA mutation likely via the over-expression of the glycine–serine pathway that is under the negative control of PurR and might be responsible for the enhanced synthesis of NADPH and glutathione. Consistently, the activity of the soxRS system, as well as the level of glutathionylation and oxidation of proteins, indicative of oxidative stress, were reduced in the double ΔgmhAΔpurR mutant compared to the ΔgmhA mutant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free Radical Oxidation and Natural Antioxidants: Molecular Aspect Action)
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10 pages, 1712 KiB  
Communication
Clearance and Utilization of Dicarbonyl-Modified LDL in Monkeys and Humans
by Vadim Z. Lankin, Galina G. Konovalova, Sergey P. Domogatsky, Alla K. Tikhaze, Igor N. Klots and Marat V. Ezhov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310471 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 995
Abstract
The kinetics of elimination of various dicarbonyl-modified low-density lipoproteins from the bloodstream of Macaca mulatta monkeys were investigated. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the monkey blood plasma were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and labeled in vitro with the fluorescent dye FITC; thereupon, [...] Read more.
The kinetics of elimination of various dicarbonyl-modified low-density lipoproteins from the bloodstream of Macaca mulatta monkeys were investigated. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the monkey blood plasma were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and labeled in vitro with the fluorescent dye FITC; thereupon, they were modified with different natural low molecular-weight dicarbonyls: malondialdehyde (MDA), glyoxal, or methylglyoxal. The control native FITC-labeled LDL and dicarbonyl-modified FITC-labeled LDL were injected into the monkey’s ulnar vein; thereafter, blood samples were taken at fixed time intervals during 24 h. The plasma level of FITC-labeled LDL was determined with spectrofluorimetry. The study established that glyoxal- and monkeysglyoxal-labeled LDL circulated in monkey virtually at the same time as native (non-modified) LDL. In contrast, MDA-modified LDL disappeared from the blood extremely rapidly. Administration of the PCSK9 inhibitor involocumab (which increases LDL utilization) to patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) was found to significantly reduce levels of MDA-modified LDL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free Radical Oxidation and Natural Antioxidants: Molecular Aspect Action)
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17 pages, 6074 KiB  
Article
The Role of Phospholipase Activity of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Its Transmembrane Transport and Protective Properties
by Mars G. Sharapov, Ruslan G. Goncharov, Svetlana B. Parfenyuk, Olga V. Glushkova and Vladimir I. Novoselov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15265; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315265 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1379
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a multifunctional eukaryotic antioxidant enzyme. Mammalian Prdx6 possesses peroxidase activity against a wide range of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides, as well as exhibits phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activity, which plays an important role in the reduction of oxidized phospholipids and [...] Read more.
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a multifunctional eukaryotic antioxidant enzyme. Mammalian Prdx6 possesses peroxidase activity against a wide range of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides, as well as exhibits phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activity, which plays an important role in the reduction of oxidized phospholipids and cell membrane remodeling. Exogenous Prdx6 has recently been shown to be able to penetrate inside the cell. We hypothesized that this entry may be due to the phospholipase activity of Prdx6. Experiments using exogenous Prdx6 in three cell lines (3T3, A549, RAW 264.7) demonstrated that it is the phospholipase activity that promotes its penetration into the cell. Overoxidation of Prdx6 led to a suppression of the peroxidase activity and a 3-to-4-fold growth of aiPLA2, which enhanced the efficiency of its transmembrane transport into the cells by up to 15 times. A mutant form of Prdx6-S32A with an inactivated phospholipase center turned out to be unable to enter the cells in both the reduced and oxidized state of the peroxidase active center. Previously, we have shown that exogenous Prdx6 has a significant radioprotective action. However, the role of phospholipase activity in the radioprotective effects of Prdx6 remained unstudied. Trials with the mutant Prdx6-S32A form, with the use of a total irradiation model in mice, showed a nearly 50% reduction of the radioprotective effect upon aiPLA2 loss. Such a significant decrease in the radioprotective action may be due to the inability of Prdx6-S32A to penetrate animal cells, which prevents its reduction by the natural intracellular reducing agent glutathione S-transferase (πGST) and lowers the efficiency of elimination of peroxides formed from the effect of ionizing radiation. Thus, phospholipase activity may play an important role in the reduction of oxidized Prdx6 and manifestation of its antioxidant properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free Radical Oxidation and Natural Antioxidants: Molecular Aspect Action)
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