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Research on the Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 2664

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
Interests: amyloids; Alzheimer’s disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Amyloid cascade is still considered as one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the production, transportation, and metabolism of amyloids yields a variety of measurement results. During measuring, different sample storage, various commercial kits for detection, and other factors can affect results. These expected and unexpected factors make the measured amyloid level more difficult to interpret with regard to its medical significance.

All expected biomarkers can explain or reflect medical status, and thus extend or maximize medical benefits. Several studies found that the level amyloids in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) can reflect the cognitive or global status of AD, but these findings are not consistent throughout the plasma level of amyloids. Due to the different lengths of amyloid peptides caused by different numbers of amino acids (42, 40, 38, etc.) and various compositions of peptides, monomers, dimers, or oligomers, the targets of measurements with their complicated mechanisms and associations must be determined, especially regarding their medical significance. We encourage original research manuscripts that focus on these issues to be submitted to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yuan-Han Yang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • amyloids
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • oligomer
  • cerebro-spinal fluid
  • plasma

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1346 KiB  
Article
Plasma IAPP-Autoantibody Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Are Affected by APOE4 Status
by Dovilė Pocevičiūtė, Bodil Roth, Nina Schultz, Cristina Nuñez-Diaz, Shorena Janelidze, The Netherlands Brain Bank , Anders Olofsson, Oskar Hansson and Malin Wennström
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3776; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043776 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2239
Abstract
Pancreas-derived islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) crosses the blood–brain barrier and co-deposits with amyloid beta (Aβ) in brains of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Depositions might be related to the circulating IAPP levels, but it warrants further investigation. Autoantibodies recognizing [...] Read more.
Pancreas-derived islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) crosses the blood–brain barrier and co-deposits with amyloid beta (Aβ) in brains of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Depositions might be related to the circulating IAPP levels, but it warrants further investigation. Autoantibodies recognizing toxic IAPP oligomers (IAPPO) but not monomers (IAPPM) or fibrils have been found in T2D, but studies on AD are lacking. In this study, we have analyzed plasma from two cohorts and found that levels of neither immunoglobulin (Ig) M, nor IgG or IgA against IAPPM or IAPPO were altered in AD patients compared with controls. However, our results show significantly lower IAPPO-IgA levels in apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 carriers compared with non-carriers in an allele dose-dependent manner, and the decrease is linked to the AD pathology. Furthermore, plasma IAPP-Ig levels, especially IAPP-IgA, correlated with cognitive decline, C-reactive protein, cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain IAPP exclusively in APOE4 non-carriers. We speculate that the reduction in IAPPO-IgA levels may be caused by increased plasma IAPPO levels or masked epitopes in APOE4 carriers and propose that IgA and APOE4 status play a specific role in clearance of circulatory IAPPO, which may influence the amount of IAPP deposition in the AD brain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Diseases)
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