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Diverse Functional Roles of Fibrinogen and Fibrin in Mechanisms of Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 1991

Special Issue Editor

Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
Interests: intracellular bacteria; endothelium; infection; pathogenesis; host-pathogen interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since its discovery over three centuries ago, studies on fibrin(ogen) have led to remarkable advances in structure–function analysis and evidence for the involvement of this versatile biological molecule in multiple physiological and pathological scenarios, including cardiovascular ailments, inflammation, infection, tumor growth and metastasis, and neurological disorders. Interactions of fibrin(ogen) with plasma proteins and receptors on the platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells and other cells regulate a multitude of signaling pathways and their downstream consequences. Alterations in the levels and/or functions of fibrin(ogen) increase the risk of hemorrhage, thrombosis, infection, inflammation and many other disease states. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches have further ascertained the important contributions of fibrinogen during local or systemic inflammation. A collection of cellular and molecular analyses further project fibrin(ogen) as a signaling molecule determining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis, coagulation and fibrosis, and eventually life and death. Continued efforts to enhance our understanding of the roles of fibrin(ogen) in these processes are likely to advance treatment options and the prevention of many human diseases.

This Special Issue invites original research, mini/full reviews and perspectives focused on all aspects of fibrin(ogen), and aims to provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing biomedical research on the roles of fibrin(ogen) in thrombosis, hemostasis and other diseases.

Dr. Abha Sahni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fibrinogen
  • fibrin
  • endothelium
  • thrombosis
  • hemostasis
  • infection
  • cancer
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

33 pages, 2617 KiB  
Review
Profound Properties of Protein-Rich, Platelet-Rich Plasma Matrices as Novel, Multi-Purpose Biological Platforms in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Wound Healing
by Peter A. Everts, José Fábio Lana, Robert W. Alexander, Ignacio Dallo, Elizaveta Kon, Mary A. Ambach, André van Zundert and Luga Podesta
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7914; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147914 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are prepared at the point of care. Centrifugation cellular density separation sequesters a fresh unit of blood into three main fractions: a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fraction, a stratum rich in platelets (platelet concentrate), and variable leukocyte bioformulation and [...] Read more.
Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are prepared at the point of care. Centrifugation cellular density separation sequesters a fresh unit of blood into three main fractions: a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fraction, a stratum rich in platelets (platelet concentrate), and variable leukocyte bioformulation and erythrocyte fractions. The employment of autologous platelet concentrates facilitates the biological potential to accelerate and support numerous cellular activities that can lead to tissue repair, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and, ultimately, functional and structural repair. Normally, after PRP preparation, the PPP fraction is discarded. One of the less well-known but equally important features of PPP is that particular growth factors (GFs) are not abundantly present in PRP, as they reside outside of the platelet alpha granules. Precisely, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are mainly present in the PPP fraction. In addition to their roles as angiogenesis activators, these plasma-based GFs are also known to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis, and they promote keratinocyte migration and support tissue repair and wound healing. Additionally, PPP is known for the presence of exosomes and other macrovesicles, exerting cell–cell communication and cell signaling. Newly developed ultrafiltration technologies incorporate PPP processing methods by eliminating, in a fast and efficient manner, plasma water, cytokines, molecules, and plasma proteins with a molecular mass (weight) less than the pore size of the fibers. Consequently, a viable and viscous protein concentrate of functional total proteins, like fibrinogen, albumin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin is created. Consolidating a small volume of high platelet concentrate with a small volume of highly concentrated protein-rich PPP creates a protein-rich, platelet-rich plasma (PR-PRP) biological preparation. After the activation of proteins, mainly fibrinogen, the PR-PRP matrix retains and facilitates interactions between invading resident cells, like macrophages, fibroblast, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as the embedded concentrated PRP cells and molecules. The administered PR-PRP biologic will ultimately undergo fibrinolysis, leading to a sustained release of concentrated cells and molecules that have been retained in the PR-PRP matrix until the matrix is dissolved. We will discuss the unique biological and tissue reparative and regenerative properties of the PR-PRP matrix. Full article
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