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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in Cell-to-Cell Communication: Foundation for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 6018

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Karina Pino-Lagos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 755000, Chile
Interests: immunology; immune regulation; immune tolerance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles have become an interesting topic of research. Once considered cellular waste material, they are now recognized as one of the pivotal mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication. Their biology and therapeutic use have been investigated in different disciplines, ranging from cellular and molecular biology, to immunology, neuroscience, reprodutive and regenerative medicine, odontology, among others. These investigations have helped to unravel the conditions by which vesicles are released, their cell of origin, and their external and internal compositions. In the context of disease treatment, knowing the nature of this cargo constitutes a source of profound relevance as it reveals potential targets for therapy.

Due to the importance of these nanovesicles in biomedicine, this Special Issue invites any manuscripts which (original research and review articles) cover different aspects of extracellular vesicles research under the scope of a biomedical view. Potential topics include basic science, translational medicine, and applied sciences, or any research area that aids in deciphering the role of extracellular vesicles in biology.

Dr. Karina Pino-Lagos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • cell communication
  • immune regulation
  • stress
  • cancer
  • autoimmunity
  • reproduction
  • neuroscience
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Characterisation of Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles (MBVs) Isolated from Decellularised Bovine Pericardium: New Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine
by Dalila Di Francesco, Carolina Di Varsavia, Simona Casarella, Elena Donetti, Marcello Manfredi, Diego Mantovani and Francesca Boccafoschi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020740 - 6 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1706
Abstract
Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) are a recently discovered type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and they are characterised by a strong adhesion to extracellular matrix structural proteins (ECM) and ECM-derived biomaterials. MBVs contain a highly bioactive and tissue-specific cargo that recapitulates the biological activity of [...] Read more.
Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) are a recently discovered type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and they are characterised by a strong adhesion to extracellular matrix structural proteins (ECM) and ECM-derived biomaterials. MBVs contain a highly bioactive and tissue-specific cargo that recapitulates the biological activity of the source ECM. The rich content of MBVs has shown to be capable of potent cell signalling and of modulating the immune system, thus the raising interest for their application in regenerative medicine. Given the tissue-specificity and the youthfulness of research on MBVs, until now they have only been isolated from a few ECM sources. Therefore, the objective of this research was to isolate and identify the presence of MBVs in decellularised bovine pericardium ECM and to characterise their protein content, which is expected to play a major role in their biological potential. The results showed that nanovesicles, corresponding to the definition of recently described MBVs, could be isolated from decellularised bovine pericardium ECM. Moreover, these MBVs were composed of numerous proteins and cytokines, thus preserving a highly potential biological effect. Overall, this research shows that bovine pericardium MBVs show a rich and tissue-specific biological potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in Cell-to-Cell Communication: Foundation for Biomedical Applications)
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Review

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13 pages, 634 KiB  
Review
Exosome-Laden Scaffolds for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review
by Jorden Xavier, William Jerome, Kenneth Zaslav and Daniel Grande
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015178 - 14 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based exosomes have garnered attention as a viable therapeutic for post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis of the knee; however, efforts for application have been limited due to issues with variable dosing and rapid clearance in vivo. Scaffolds laden with MSC-based [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based exosomes have garnered attention as a viable therapeutic for post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis of the knee; however, efforts for application have been limited due to issues with variable dosing and rapid clearance in vivo. Scaffolds laden with MSC-based exosomes have recently been investigated as a solution to these issues. Here, we review in vivo studies and highlight key strengths and potential clinical uses of exosome–scaffold therapeutics for treatment of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. In vivo animal studies were gathered using keywords related to the topic, revealing 466 studies after removal of duplicate papers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for abstract screening and full-text review. Thirteen relevant studies were identified for analysis and extraction. Three predominant scaffold subtypes were identified: hydrogels, acellular extracellular matrices, and hyaluronic acid. Each scaffold–exosome design showcased unique properties with relation to gross findings, tissue histology, biomechanics, and gene expression. All designs demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and induction of tissue regeneration. The results of our review show that current exosome–scaffold therapeutics demonstrate the capability to halt and even reverse the course of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. While this treatment modality shows incredible promise, future research should aim to characterize long-term biocompatibility and optimize scaffold designs for human treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in Cell-to-Cell Communication: Foundation for Biomedical Applications)
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19 pages, 1381 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles from Immune Cells: A Biomedical Perspective
by María José Moya-Guzmán, Javiera de Solminihac, Cristina Padilla, Carolina Rojas, Camila Pinto, Tomás Himmel and Karina Pino-Lagos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13775; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813775 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212
Abstract
Research on the role of extracellular vesicles (sEV) in physiology has demonstrated their undoubted importance in processes such as the transportation of molecules with significance for cell metabolism, cell communication, and the regulation of mechanisms such as cell differentiation, inflammation, and immunity. Although [...] Read more.
Research on the role of extracellular vesicles (sEV) in physiology has demonstrated their undoubted importance in processes such as the transportation of molecules with significance for cell metabolism, cell communication, and the regulation of mechanisms such as cell differentiation, inflammation, and immunity. Although the role of EVs in the immune response is actively investigated, there is little literature revising, in a comprehensive manner, the role of small EVs produced by immune cells. Here, we present a review of studies reporting the release of sEV by different types of leukocytes and the implications of such observations on cellular homeostasis. We also discuss the function of immune cell-derived sEV and their relationship with pathological states, highlighting their potential application in the biomedical field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in Cell-to-Cell Communication: Foundation for Biomedical Applications)
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