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Advances in Molecular Biology of Pituitary Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 460

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore—Fondazione Policlinico “Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: pituitary; acromegaly; Cushing’s syndrome; hyperprolactinemia; TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma; syndrome of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones; thyroid; adrenal gland
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present the latest research on the molecular biology of pituitary diseases. Pituitary adenoma is a common disease, accounting for about 10% of the general population, and generally presents as a benign tumor. However, in rare cases, tumors can become malignant and metastasize. Pituitary adenomas are also associated with specific syndromes (e.g., acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, prolactinoma, syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion) due to inappropriate hormone secretion. Continuous advances in molecular biology techniques have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis and biology of these tumors, and this knowledge can be applied to the development of diagnostic methods and treatment options. Interestingly, molecular biology techniques have uncovered the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-neoplastic pituitary diseases, such as thyroid hormone resistance syndrome or inappropriate non-neoplastic TSH secretion. An important topic regarding syndromes of reduced thyroid hormone sensitivity is the discovery of polymorphisms in gene encoding type 2 deiodinase. Finally, genetic analysis can identify mutations in genes encoding transcription factors involved in pituitary development that may be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary hormone deficiency.

Dr. Rosa Maria Paragliola
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pituitary adenomas
  • pituitary carcinomas
  • hypopituitarism
  • acromegaly
  • somatostatin receptor ligands
  • prolactinoma
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • TSH-secreting adenomas
  • syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3470 KiB  
Article
Predicting Response to Medical Treatment in Acromegaly via Granulation Pattern, Expression of Somatostatin Receptors Type 2 and 5 and E-Cadherin
by Maximilian Cosma Gliga, Laura Chinezu and Ionela Maria Pascanu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8663; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168663 - 8 Aug 2024
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Resistance to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (fgSRL) treatment in acromegaly is common, making the identification of biomarkers that predict fgSRL response a desired goal. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 21 patients with acromegaly who underwent surgery and subsequent pharmacological treatment. Through immunohistochemistry [...] Read more.
Resistance to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (fgSRL) treatment in acromegaly is common, making the identification of biomarkers that predict fgSRL response a desired goal. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 21 patients with acromegaly who underwent surgery and subsequent pharmacological treatment. Through immunohistochemistry (IHC), we assessed the expression of the somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5, E-Cadherin, and cytokeratin granulation pattern (sparsely or densely). Patients were divided into responders and non-responders based on their biochemical response to fgSRL and/or the newer agent, Pasireotide, or the GH-blocker, Pegvisomant. Patients resistant to fgSRL (n = 12) exhibited lower SSTR2 and E-Cadherin expressions. Sparsely granulated tumors were more frequent in the non-responder group. SSTR2 (p = 0.024, r = 0.49) and E-Cadherin (p = 0.009, r = 0.64) positively correlated with the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) decrease after fgSRL, while SSTR5 (p = 0.107, r = −0.37) showed a trend towards negative correlation. SSTR5 positivity seemed to be associated with Pasireotide response, albeit the number of treated patients was too low (n = 4). No IHC markers correlated with Pegvisomant response. Our findings suggest that densely granulated tumors, with positive SSTR2 and E-Cadherin seem to be associated with favorable fgSRL responses. The strongest predictive value of the studied markers was found for E-Cadherin, which seems to surpass even SSTR2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Biology of Pituitary Diseases)
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