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Innate Lymphoid Cells: Cytokine-Mediated Communications
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Innate Lymphoid Cells: Cytokine-Mediated Communications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 6515

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Khalil Karimi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: immunobiology of innate immune components such as dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and neutrophils; mechanisms of innate immunity in lung; modulation of innate lymphoid cells by myeloid cells in infection and inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cellular communications are critical during the mounting of an immune response against a pathogen. Cytokines are soluble proteins that can be produced, released, and sensed by immune cells and are key components of many cellular communications. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a source of cytokines during inflammatory responses to pathogens. ILCs generate cytokines in response to hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic activated cells and these interactions can result in them sustaining different cytokine profiles. Although there is evidence that demonstrates several different interactions between ILCs and other tissue- or secondary lymphoid-resident cells, cytokine-mediated cellular communications that can control and regulate ILC homeostasis and function are less well understood. Environmental and external stimuli such as cytokines can shape the cytokine productions of ILCs and modulate their phenotype and functionality. Communication between ILCs and other cells that contribute to the formation of an immune response is less well defined and there has been limited research into this area of ILC biology involving cytokine communications.

The aim of this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences is to better understand how cell-to-cell communications via cytokines shape ILC functions that result in a contribution to overall pathogenesis or the resolution and restoration of the condition.

Dr. Khalil Karimi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
  • tissue-resident ILCs
  • secondary lymphoid-resident ILCs
  • cytokine responses
  • immunity and ILCs
  • inflammation and ILCs
  • tissue homeostasis and ILCs
  • crosstalk between ILCs and other immune cells

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 5978 KiB  
Article
The Potential of Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines to Modulate Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell Populations
by Lily Chan, Yeganeh Mehrani, Jessica A. Minott, Byram W. Bridle and Khalil Karimi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032403 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2340
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a type of immunotherapy that relies on the communication of DCs with other aspects of the immune system. DCs are potent antigen-presenting cells involved in the activation of innate immune responses and education of adaptive immunity, making them [...] Read more.
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a type of immunotherapy that relies on the communication of DCs with other aspects of the immune system. DCs are potent antigen-presenting cells involved in the activation of innate immune responses and education of adaptive immunity, making them ideal targets for immunotherapies. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are relatively newly identified in the field of immunology and have important roles in health and disease. The studies described here explored the communications between type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) and DCs using a murine model of DC-based vaccination. Local and systemic changes in ILC3 populations following the administration of a DC vaccine were observed, and upon challenge with B16F10 melanoma cells, changes in ILC3 populations in the lungs were observed. The interactions between DCs and ILC3s should be further explored to determine the potential that their communications could have in health, disease, and the development of immunotherapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate Lymphoid Cells: Cytokine-Mediated Communications)
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Review

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23 pages, 1253 KiB  
Review
ILCs—Crucial Players in Enteric Infectious Diseases
by Tamara Leupold and Stefan Wirtz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214200 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3481
Abstract
Research of the last decade has remarkably increased our understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs, in analogy to T helper (Th) cells and their cytokine and transcription factor profile, are categorized into three distinct populations: ILC1s express the transcription factor T-bet and [...] Read more.
Research of the last decade has remarkably increased our understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs, in analogy to T helper (Th) cells and their cytokine and transcription factor profile, are categorized into three distinct populations: ILC1s express the transcription factor T-bet and secrete IFNγ, ILC2s depend on the expression of GATA-3 and release IL-5 and IL-13, and ILC3s express RORγt and secrete IL-17 and IL-22. Noteworthy, ILCs maintain a level of plasticity, depending on exposed cytokines and environmental stimuli. Furthermore, ILCs are tissue resident cells primarily localized at common entry points for pathogens such as the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). They have the unique capacity to initiate rapid responses against pathogens, provoked by changes of the cytokine profile of the respective tissue. Moreover, they regulate tissue inflammation and homeostasis. In case of intracellular pathogens entering the mucosal tissue, ILC1s respond by secreting cytokines (e.g., IFNγ) to limit the pathogen spread. Upon infection with helminths, intestinal epithelial cells produce alarmins (e.g., IL-25) and activate ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which induces differentiation of intestinal stem cells into tuft and goblet cells, important for parasite expulsion. Additionally, during bacterial infection ILC3-derived IL-22 is required for bacterial clearance by regulating antimicrobial gene expression in epithelial cells. Thus, ILCs can limit infectious diseases via secretion of inflammatory mediators and interaction with other cell types. In this review, we will address the role of ILCs during enteric infectious diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate Lymphoid Cells: Cytokine-Mediated Communications)
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