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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 4968

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stamatia Papoutsopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
Interests: innate immunity; mucosa immunity; transcription factor pathways; IBD; Parkinson’s
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The dysregulated function of the immune system is an important feature in neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammation in both the central nervous system and in the periphery correlates with severity. Moreover, there are PD patients who show symptoms of other chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or/and rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting possible common or overlapping molecular mechanisms. The discovery of these underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways in the immune cells is the focus of this Special Issue. It concerns both innate and adaptive immunity and how the development, survival, stimulation, and function of these populations might be affected in neurodegenerative diseases.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in immunity in neurodegenerative diseases, and we welcome both original research articles and review papers.

Dr. Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • signalling pathways
  • transcriptional regulation
  • immune system
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • receptors
  • neuroinflammation
  • cytokines

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1850 KiB  
Article
Sortilin Expression Levels and Peripheral Immunity: A Potential Biomarker for Segregation between Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Healthy Controls
by Maria Georgoula, Panagiotis Ntavaroukas, Anastasia Androutsopoulou, Georgia Xiromerisiou, Fani Kalala, Matthaios Speletas, Eftihia Asprodini, Anna Vasilaki and Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031791 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1394
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity that limits the disease prognosis and patient’s counseling, and complicates the design of further clinical trials. There is an unmet need for the development and validation of biomarkers for the prediction of the disease [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity that limits the disease prognosis and patient’s counseling, and complicates the design of further clinical trials. There is an unmet need for the development and validation of biomarkers for the prediction of the disease course. In this study, we utilized flow cytometry and in vitro approaches on peripheral blood cells and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages to characterize specific innate immune populations in PD patients versus healthy donors. We found a significantly lower percentage of B lymphocytes and monocyte populations in PD patients. Monocytes in PD patients were characterized by a higher CD40 expression and on-surface expression of the type I membrane glycoprotein sortilin, which showed a trend of negative correlation with the age of the patients. These results were further investigated in vitro on PBMC-derived macrophages, which, in PD patients, showed higher sortilin expression levels compared to cells from healthy donors. The treatment of PD-derived macrophages with oxLDL led to higher foam cell formation compared to healthy donors. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that surface sortilin expression levels on human peripheral monocytes may potentially be utilized as a marker of Parkinson’s disease and may segregate the sporadic versus the genetically induced forms of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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Review

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28 pages, 2802 KiB  
Review
Cannabinoids’ Role in Modulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Nitzan Sharon, Ludmila Yarmolinsky, Boris Khalfin, Sigal Fleisher-Berkovich and Shimon Ben-Shabat
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6402; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126402 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1228
Abstract
Cannabinoids (the endocannabinoids, the synthetic cannabinoids, and the phytocannabinoids) are well known for their various pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory features, which are fundamentally important for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aging of the global population is causing an increase in [...] Read more.
Cannabinoids (the endocannabinoids, the synthetic cannabinoids, and the phytocannabinoids) are well known for their various pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory features, which are fundamentally important for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aging of the global population is causing an increase in these diseases that require the development of effective drugs to be even more urgent. Taking into account the unavailability of effective drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, it seems appropriate to consider the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of these diseases. To our knowledge, few reviews are devoted to cannabinoids’ impact on modulating central and peripheral immunity in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this review is to provide the best possible information about the cannabinoid receptors and immuno-modulation features, peripheral immune modulation by cannabinoids, cannabinoid-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders, and the future development prospects of making cannabinoids versatile tools in the pursuit of effective drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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21 pages, 3536 KiB  
Review
Zfra Overrides WWOX in Suppressing the Progression of Neurodegeneration
by Yu-An Chen, Tsung-Yun Liu, Kuan-Yu Wen, Che-Yu Hsu, Chun-I Sze and Nan-Shan Chang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3507; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063507 - 20 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1552
Abstract
We reported that a 31-amino-acid Zfra protein (zinc finger-like protein that regulates apoptosis) blocks neurodegeneration and cancer growth. Zfra binds WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) to both N- and C-termini, which leads to accelerated WWOX degradation. WWOX limits the progression of neurodegeneration [...] Read more.
We reported that a 31-amino-acid Zfra protein (zinc finger-like protein that regulates apoptosis) blocks neurodegeneration and cancer growth. Zfra binds WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) to both N- and C-termini, which leads to accelerated WWOX degradation. WWOX limits the progression of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by binding tau and tau-hyperphosphorylating enzymes. Similarly, Zfra binds many protein targets and accelerates their degradation independently of ubiquitination. Furthermore, Zfra4-10 peptide strongly prevents the progression of AD-like symptoms in triple-transgenic (3xTg) mice during aging. Zfra4-10 peptide restores memory loss in 9-month-old 3xTg mice by blocking the aggregation of a protein cascade, including TPC6AΔ, TIAF1, and SH3GLB2, by causing aggregation of tau and amyloid β. Zfra4-10 also suppresses inflammatory NF-κB activation. Zfra-activated Hyal-2+ CD3- CD19- Z cells in the spleen, via Hyal-2/WWOX/Smad4 signaling, are potent in cancer suppression. In this perspective review, we provide mechanistic insights regarding how Zfra overrides WWOX to induce cancer suppression and retard AD progression via Z cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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