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The Role of DNA Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2020)

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Interests: amyotrophiic lateral sclerosis; motor neuron disease; neurodegeneration; redox regulation; protein disulphide isomerase; DNA damage; ER stress; thiols

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Interests: neurodegeneration, DNA damage, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Interests: neurodegeneration, DNA damage, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genome fidelity is constantly targeted by both endogenous and exogenous factors. In response, the cell mounts the DNA damage response, a specific signaling pathway designed to detect and repair DNA damage, thus restoring cellular homeostasis. If unrepaired, damage to DNA can seriously compromise cellular viability and induce mutations. DNA damage also accumulates during the normal aging process. Defective DNA damage signaling mechanisms are well studied in proliferating cells, particularly in cancer, but their roles in post-mitotic neurons are not well understood. Increasing evidence suggests that DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for neuronal viability and that the consequences of genomic instability in the nervous system are severe. This is underscored by the numerous neurological conditions resulting from mutations in DNA repair proteins. In addition, a resilient DNA damage response is increasingly connected to age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. In this volume, we aim to discuss recent advances linking neurodegenerative disorders to the DNA damage response.

Prof. Julie D. Atkin
Dr. Anna Konopka
Dr. Mariana Gabriela Brocardo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • DNA repair
  • Neurodegeneration
  • DNA damage response
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Motor neuron disease
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Neurons

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

29 pages, 966 KiB  
Review
Extrachromosomal Circular DNA: Current Knowledge and Implications for CNS Aging and Neurodegeneration
by Quratul Ain, Christian Schmeer, Diane Wengerodt, Otto W. Witte and Alexandra Kretz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(7), 2477; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072477 - 2 Apr 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7573
Abstract
Still unresolved is the question of how a lifetime accumulation of somatic gene copy number alterations impact organ functionality and aging and age-related pathologies. Such an issue appears particularly relevant in the broadly post-mitotic central nervous system (CNS), where non-replicative neurons are restricted [...] Read more.
Still unresolved is the question of how a lifetime accumulation of somatic gene copy number alterations impact organ functionality and aging and age-related pathologies. Such an issue appears particularly relevant in the broadly post-mitotic central nervous system (CNS), where non-replicative neurons are restricted in DNA-repair choices and are prone to accumulate DNA damage, as they remain unreplaced over a lifetime. Both DNA injuries and consecutive DNA-repair strategies are processes that can evoke extrachromosomal circular DNA species, apparently from either part of the genome. Due to their capacity to amplify gene copies and related transcripts, the individual cellular load of extrachromosomal circular DNAs will contribute to a dynamic pool of additional coding and regulatory chromatin elements. Analogous to tumor tissues, where the mosaicism of circular DNAs plays a well-characterized role in oncogene plasticity and drug resistance, we suggest involvement of the “circulome” also in the CNS. Accordingly, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular biogenesis, homeostasis and gene regulatory impacts of circular extrachromosomal DNA and propose, in light of recent discoveries, a critical role in CNS aging and neurodegeneration. Future studies will elucidate the influence of individual extrachromosomal DNA species according to their sequence complexity and regional distribution or cell-type-specific abundance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of DNA Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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